The Problem of Knowledge"In this book I begin by taking the question of what is meant by knowledge as an example of a philosophical enquiry. Having maintained that to say one knows a fact is to claim the right to be sure of it. I show how such claims may be disputed on philosophical grounds ... The attempt to meet these objections supplies the main subject-matter for what is called the theory of knowledge; and different philosophical standpoints are characterized by the acceptance of denial of different stages in the sceptic's argument ... I also make some observations about philosophical method, the dimensions of time, causality, and personal identity."--Preface. |
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Contents
PHILOSOPHY AND KNOWLEDGE | 1 |
philosophy and language | 24 |
SCEPTICISM AND CERTAINTY | 35 |
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A. J. AYER able accepting actually allow analysis answer appear applies argued argument from illusion Aristotelian Society assumption Battle of Arnhem Battle of Waterloo believe Benjamin Disraeli claim to know claim to knowledge colour conclusion conscious consist correct deny Descartes describe directly perceived doubt ence entail entitled evidence example existence expression fact false feelings follow formally future give given ground happen hypothesis identify imply incorrigible inductive reasoning infer instance intuitionism justified language least logically maintain matter meaning memory mental ments merely mind mistake mistaken naïve realist necessary observer occur past event perception personal identity phenomenalist philosophers philosophical sceptic physical objects position possible premises priori statements problem of induction proof question reductionist refer remember Ryle sceptic sceptic's argument scientific seems sensations sense sense-data sense-experiences sentences someone sort speak sufficient condition supposed sure talk tion true truth unless verb verifiable word