Fundamentals of NeurophysiologyAgain rapid advances in the brain sciences have made it necessary, after only a few years, to issue a revised edition of this text. All the chapters have been reviewed and brought up to date, and some have been largely rewritten. The major revision has occurred in the chap ters on the autonomic nervous system and the integrative functions of the central nervous system. But in the discussion of the motor systems and other subjects as well, recent insights have necessitated certain conceptual modifications. In the description of the autonomic nervous system, the role of the intestinal innervation has been brought out more clearly than before. In addition, there is a new presentation of the physiology of smooth muscle fibers, and more attention has been paid to the postsynaptic adrenergic receptors, because of the increasing therapeutic signifi cance of the at f3 receptor concept. A substantial section on the genital reflexes in man and woman, including the extragenital changes during copulation, has also been added. The text on the integrative functions of the central nervous system has been expanded to include, for the first time, material on brain metabolism and blood flow and their dependence on the activity of the brain. Reference is also made to recent results of research on split brain and aphasic patients and on memory, as well as on the physiol ogy of sleeping and dreaming. |
Contents
The Structure of the Nervous System | 1 |
Excitation of Nerve and Muscle J Dudel | 19 |
Synaptic Transmission R F Schmidt | 69 |
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action potential activity adrenaline afferents amplitude animal autonomic basal ganglia behavior blood flow brain brainstem called cardiac cell bodies cell membrane circuit concentration conductance contractile force contraction depolarization diagram effectors efferent efflux electrode electrotonic potential end plate EPSP equilibrium potential example excitation excitatory extensor extracellular space filaments flexor frequency function hemisphere hormones hypothalamus Ia fibers increases inhibition inhibitory innervated inputs interneurons intestinal intrafusal muscle fibers IPSP K+ ions membrane potential motoneurons motor axons motor centers motor cortex movement muscle cells muscle length muscle spindles musculature myelinated myosin Na+ ions nerve fibers nervous system neurons noradrenaline parasympathetic pathways postganglionic postsynaptic preganglionic presynaptic processes Purkinje cells receptors reflex arc region release resting potential result sarcomere sensory skeletal muscle sleep smooth muscle sodium spinal cord stimulation stretch reflex subsynaptic membrane sympathetic synapses temperature tendon organs threshold tion tonus tract transmitter substance triggered velocity