The Development of the Family and Marriage in Europe

Front Cover
Cambridge University Press, Jul 7, 1983 - History - 308 pages
Around 300 A.D. European patterns of marriage and kinship were turned on their head. What had previously been the norm - marriage to close kin - became the new taboo. The same applied to adoption, the obligation of a man to marry his brother's widow and a number of other central practices. With these changes Christian Europe broke radically from its own past and established practices which diverged markedly from those of the Middle East, North Africa and Asia. In this highly original and far-reaching work Jack Goody argues that from the fourth century there developed in the northern Mediterranean a distinctive but not undifferentiated kinship system, whose growth can be attributed to the role of the Church in acquiring property formerly held by domestic groups. He suggests that the early Church, faced with the need to provide for people who had left their kin to devote themselves to the life of the Church, regulated the rules of marriage so that wealth could be channelled away from the family and into the Church. Thus the Church became an 'interitor', acquiring vast tracts of property through the alienation of familial rights. At the same time, the structure of domestic life was changed dramatically, the Church placing more emphasis on individual wishes, on conjugality, and on spiritual rather than natural kinship. Tracing the consequences of this change through to the present day, Jack Goody challenges some fundamental assumptions about the making of western society, and provides an alternative focus for future study of the European family, kinship structures and marriage patterns. The questions he raises will provoke much interest and discussion amongst anthropologists, sociologists and historians.
 

Contents

Perspectives
1
Two sides to the Mediterranean
6
Change in the German lands
34
Cousins and widows adoptees and concubines
48
From sect to Church
83
Church land and family in the West
103
Reformation and reform
157
The hidden economy of kinship
183
The spiritual and the natural
194
clans lineages and lignages
222
2 From brideprice to dowry?
240
3Bilaterality and the development of English kin terminology
262
References and bibliography
279
Glossary
295
Index
296
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