Graphic Methods for Presenting Facts |
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100 per cent amount APRIL MARCH arrangement average bars basis Ben Day blue prints bottom C. B. Davenport Census chart co-ordinate paper compared comparison corporation cost cumulative curves curve cards curve line curve plotting desired different colors dots drawing drawn engineer's scale Engineering facts figures fluctuations give given glass-head graphic handled horizontal scale illustration inches increase independent variable indicated kind large number lative logarithmic scale map pins method of Fig Mile month moving average number of orders number of packages number of pieces obtained operating ordinarily peak percentage photograph portion possible quantities railroad reader record represent revenue right-hand scale-steps seen in Fig shading sheet Short map shown in Fig slide rule smooth curve solid model stockholders straw-board tabulating machines tacks tically tion total number United upper vertical lines vertical scale zero line zinc
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Page 362 - ... the left of a chart. If needed, a scale may be placed at the right also. 5. Whenever possible, include in the chart the numerical data from which the chart was made. 6. If numerical data cannot be included in the chart, it is well to show the numerical data in tabular form accompanying the chart. 7. All lettering and all figures on a chart should be placed so as to be read from the base or from the right-hand edge of the chart. 8. A column of figures relating to dates should be arranged with...
Page 362 - Lines j inch apart are sufficient to guide the eye. 21. Make curves with much broader lines than the coordinate ruling so that the curves may be clearly distinguished from the background. 22. Whenever possible have a vertical line of the coordinate ruling for each point plotted on a curve, so that the vertical lines may show the frequency of the data observations.
Page 1 - Usually, however, when his own mind is made up, his task is only half done. The larger and more difficult part of the work is to convince the minds of others that the proposed solution is the best one — that all the recommendations are really necessary. Time after time it happens that some ignorant or presumptuous member of a committee or a board of directors will upset the carefully-thought-out plan of a man who knows the facts, simply because the man with the facts cannot present his facts readily...
Page 363 - Lines % inch apart are sufficient to guide the eye. 21. Make curves with much broader lines than the coordinate ruling so that the curves may be clearly distinguished from the background. 22. Whenever possible have a vertical line of the coordinate ruling for each point plotted on a curve, so that the vertical lines may show the frequency of the data observations. 23. If there are not too many curves drawn in one field it is desirable to show at the top of the chart the figures representing the value...
Page 361 - ... from left to right. 3. Figures for the horizontal scale should always be placed at the bottom of a chart. If needed, a scale may be placed at the top also. 4. Figures for the vertical scale should always be placed at the left of a chart. If needed, a scale may be placed at the right also. 5. Whenever possible, include in the chart the numerical data from which the chart was made. 6. If numerical data cannot be included in the chart, it is well to show the numerical data in tabular form accompanying...
Page 360 - ... Have the scales been selected and placed in the best possible manner? 8. Are the points accurately plotted? 9. Are the numerical figures for the data shown as a portion of the chart? 10. Have the figures for the data been copied correctly? 11. Can the figures for the data be added and the total shown? 12. Are all dates accurately shown? 13. Is the zero of the vertical scale shown on the chart? 14. Are all zero lines and the 100 per cent lines made broad enough? 15. Are all lines on the chart...
Page 39 - ... One Mile 32.837,000 One Mile Fig. 40. Here the numerical data are given and we can prove for ourselves that the two pictured men are compared on the basis of height. Because of the disproportionate area, the right-hand picture gives the reader a false and exaggerated impression of growth. Fig. 41. Here is a chart drawn from the same data as Fig. 40. It was not a larger passenger, but more passengers, that the railroads carried.
Page 360 - ... must be printed? 5. Are the proportions such that there will be sufficient space for the title of the chart when the chart has been reduced to final printing size? 6. Are all scales in place? 7. Have the scales been selected and placed in the best possible manner? 8. Are the points accurately plotted? 9. Are the numerical figures for the data shown as a portion of the chart? 10. Have the figures for the data been copied correctly? 11. Can the figures for the data be added and the total shown?
Page 362 - The zero line of the vertical scale for a curve should be a much broader line than the average coordinate lines. 15. If the zero line of the vertical scale cannot be shown at the bottom of a curve chart, the bottom line should be a slightly wavy line indicating that the field has been broken off and does not reach to zero.
Page 362 - When a scale of a curve chart refers to percentages, the line at 100 per cent should be a broad line of the same width as a zero line. 18. If the horizontal scale for a curve begins at zero, the vertical line at zero (usually the left-hand edge of the field) should be a broad line. 19. When the horizontal scale expresses time, the lines at the left-hand and the right-hand edges of a curve chart should not be made heavy, since a chart cannot be made to include the beginning or the end of time. 20....