A Comparative Phonology of Hindi and Panjabi |
Contents
HINDI PHONEMES | 1 |
A COMPARISON OF THE PHONEMIC | 40 |
Labial Stops Dental Stops Retroflex Stops Palatal Stops | 46 |
Copyright | |
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allophones alveolar anaptyxis Apabh Apabhramśa appears Aryan assimilated ba:t beside bha:i borrowed cerebral cerebralisation common to Hindi Consonant Length contrasts dental stop developed diphthongs double consonant due to Panjabi dva:daśa e.g. OIA Examples following clusters occur ghrta goes back Hindi and Panjabi Indo Indo-Aryan languages intervocal intervocalically lajja lateral lengthened literary loan from Hindi loan from Panjabi long consonants long vowel Middle Indo-Aryan nasal consonant nasalised occur initially occurs medially Old Indo-Aryan Pāli Panjabi influence parent Prakrit phonemic phonology Prakrit of Hindi preceding vowel result retroflex flap rolled or flapped Sanskrit Sanskrit words semi-tatsama semi-vowel short vowel shows simplified to single speech stage tendency tone unaspirated stops unvoiced Urdu velar Vernacular Hindustani vocalic release intervenes voiced aspirates voiced fricative voiced stops voiceless and voiced voiceless stop vowels in hiatus Western Hindi