Clinical Anesthesia Procedures of the Massachusetts General Hospital |
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Page 233
... serum osmolality , a low serum sodium , and normal renal and adrenal func- tion . The standard therapy is water restric- tion until serum sodium returns to normal levels . ( 3 ) Potassium depletion may follow osmotic diuretic ...
... serum osmolality , a low serum sodium , and normal renal and adrenal func- tion . The standard therapy is water restric- tion until serum sodium returns to normal levels . ( 3 ) Potassium depletion may follow osmotic diuretic ...
Page 369
... serum K + , whereas alkalosis decreases it . The magnitude of the appropriate change in serum K + con- centration has been estimated as 0.6 mEq / L for each 0.1- unit change in pH . Therefore , a serum K✶ of 2.5 mEq / L with a pH of ...
... serum K + , whereas alkalosis decreases it . The magnitude of the appropriate change in serum K + con- centration has been estimated as 0.6 mEq / L for each 0.1- unit change in pH . Therefore , a serum K✶ of 2.5 mEq / L with a pH of ...
Page 370
... serum K✶ is less than 3 mEq / L , unless the rate of fall is rapid . a . Neuromuscular excitability , determined largely by the ratio of extracellular to intracellular K * , may be near normal if the depletion is chronic , whereas ...
... serum K✶ is less than 3 mEq / L , unless the rate of fall is rapid . a . Neuromuscular excitability , determined largely by the ratio of extracellular to intracellular K * , may be near normal if the depletion is chronic , whereas ...
Contents
PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION | 3 |
INDUCTION OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA | 43 |
NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKADE | 61 |
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acute addition adequate administration agents airway allow anesthesia anesthetic anesthetist artery avoid bleeding block blood flow blood pressure breathing cardiac cardiac output catheter cause central changes chest concentration continued cuff decrease depression disease dose drugs effect failure flow fluid function given glucose Half-Life halothane heart hypertension hyperventilation hypotension increased indicated induction infant infusion inhalation injection insertion intravenous intubation Kidney less liver loss lower lung maintained measured mechanical mg/kg minutes monitoring muscle myocardial necessary needed needle nerve nitrous oxide normal obstruction occur operating oxygen pain patient performed period placed placenta position possible prevent prior procedure produce pulmonary rapid reduce regional relaxation renal respiratory response result severe shock skin solution space spinal surgery Table technique therapy tion tissue tube usually vascular vein venous ventilation ventricular volume