The Sociology of Pastoralism and African Livestock ProjectsStudies Division, Office of Evaluation, Bureau for Program and Policy Coordination, U.S. Agency for International Development, 1979 - Africa - 102 pages |
From inside the book
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Page 1
... Annual Report to the Congress , AID / W , 1978 , pages 25-26 ) . The Sahel Development Program Report for 1978 notes the difficulties I A The AID "Strategy" B A Classification of Interventions Improvements in Livestock Infrastructure.
... Annual Report to the Congress , AID / W , 1978 , pages 25-26 ) . The Sahel Development Program Report for 1978 notes the difficulties I A The AID "Strategy" B A Classification of Interventions Improvements in Livestock Infrastructure.
Page 21
... annual offtake of about 1.1 million head . Given improved marketing and a willingness of pastoralists to sell , there could be an immediate offtake of an additional about 0.2 million head , which are presently retained as a security ...
... annual offtake of about 1.1 million head . Given improved marketing and a willingness of pastoralists to sell , there could be an immediate offtake of an additional about 0.2 million head , which are presently retained as a security ...
Page 24
... annual grasses of lower pastoral value . These may in turn be eliminated by severe overgrazing , the result being the dominance of very short - cycle species , e.g. , of Leguminosae , which even under continuous grazing can manage to ...
... annual grasses of lower pastoral value . These may in turn be eliminated by severe overgrazing , the result being the dominance of very short - cycle species , e.g. , of Leguminosae , which even under continuous grazing can manage to ...
Page 38
... annual grasses which have a short vegetative cycle and set seed by September . This type of pasture is not very susceptible to degradation by overgrazing as seeds are always plentiful for regeneration in the following season " ( Ibid.:3 ) ...
... annual grasses which have a short vegetative cycle and set seed by September . This type of pasture is not very susceptible to degradation by overgrazing as seeds are always plentiful for regeneration in the following season " ( Ibid.:3 ) ...
Page 39
... annual pastures are setting seed . Thus continued seasonal regeneration seems assured and any overgrazing during the latter part of the dry season is unlikely to have permanent detrimental effects ( IBRD . Chad . Livestock Development ...
... annual pastures are setting seed . Thus continued seasonal regeneration seems assured and any overgrazing during the latter part of the dry season is unlikely to have permanent detrimental effects ( IBRD . Chad . Livestock Development ...
Common terms and phrases
agricultural animal traction areas beef Bernus Bororo Breman calves cattle Chad costs cows crop cultivation dairy degradation desertification development projects développement donor drought dry season Dukolomba Dupire ecological economic environment environmental evaluation exploitation export Fabrègues farmers farming fattening field filakèw fodder forage Fulani FulBe goats grass grazing lands groups herders Horowitz Ibn Khaldun IBRD impact improve income increase interventions labor large numbers Livestock Development Livestock Project livestock sector Livestock Services Maine-Soroa maintain Mali Mali Livestock managerial Mauritania meat milk millet mobility Niger Nigeria nomads number of animals offtake overgrazing pastoral pastoral herdsmen pastoral societies pastoralists Pâturages percent Peul population problems production programs rainfall rainy season ranches range management rangeland region responsibility ruminants Sahel Sahelian Sahelian zone sedentary semi-arid Senegal social soil soulle specific steers strategy studies Sudan Sudano-Sahelian traditional transhumance Tuareg Upper Volta vaccination veterinary village West Africa WoDaaBe women
Popular passages
Page 34 - And Abel, he also brought of the firstlings of his flock and of the fat thereof. And the Lord had respect unto Abel and to his offering : but unto Cain and to his offering he had not respect.
Page 34 - Abel was a keeper of sheep, but Cain was a tiller of the ground. And in process of time it came to pass, that Cain brought of the fruit of the ground an offering unto the Lord. And Abel, he also brought of the firstlings of his flock and of the fat thereof. And the Lord had respect unto Abel, and to his offering : but unto Cain and his offering he had not respect.
Page 34 - It is noteworthy how civilization always collapsed in places where the Arabs took over and conquered, and how such settlements were depopulated and the very earth there turned into something that was no longer earth. The Yemen where the Arabs live is in ruins, except for a few cities. Persian civilization in the Arab Iraq is likewise completely ruined. The same applies to contemporary Syria.
Page 34 - Iraq is likewise completely ruined. The same applies to contemporary Syria. When the Banu Hilal and the Banu Sulaym pushed through (from their homeland) to Ifriqiyah and the Maghrib in (the beginning of) the fifth [eleventh] century and struggled there for three hundred and fifty years, they attached themselves to (the country), and the flat territory in (the Maghrib) was completely ruined. Formerly, the whole region between the Sudan and the Mediterranean had been settled.
Page ix - It cannot be too strongly emphasized that those who were asked to implement the plan were unable at any time to escape from the fundamental concepts on which it was originally based. Whatever mistakes were made were due primarily to the nature of the task, not to the men who had to try to carry it out...
Page 44 - Humr recognize an optimum size for a grazing herd. A very large one becomes unwieldy: the tail end straggles out of sight through the trees; towards the end of the dry season, when grazing may be scarce, a large grazing herd is bad because the fast cattle trample over the small patches of good grazing before the slower cattle arrive. Humr do not enumerate their cattle, but it appeared to me that about 1 50 head was the largest convenient size for a grazing herd that would suit all seasons.
Page 62 - Some studies even suggest that "overgrazed" pastures may have a higher overall yield than more carefully managed sites, . . . especially if the real costs of management are charged against the system.
Page 32 - The ecologist concerned with the habitat of the desert, its climate, vegetation and soil, and with the place of man and his domestic livestock in that environment can introduce progress in two different but interrelated directions. The first is to introduce measures of improved management in the semi-arid grazing lands themselves which still make it possible to utilize this resource on the basis of conservation and to produce the livestock products characteristic of that environment. The second is...
Page ix - ... when local conditions and resources are not taken into consideration in the formulation of projects, the interests and needs of project benefactors may not be adequately served. Shear argued: Planning from the top down, while useful in identifying macro constraints to development, clearly has several limitations. Local societies can be changed and even destroyed by the development process. The impact which technological change brings about at the village (or to the pastoral group) is seldom well...
Page 67 - Few pastoral societies are in fact so hierarchically organized. 0n the contrary, the more likely situation is that there is no individual who has the authority to tell any other member of his community how the latter should handle his animals. Many pastoral societies have no centralization of managerial decisions relating to access to grazing lands and water, and therefore to herd size, composition, and movements. Such a people are the widely dispersed Bororo or WoDaaBe in Niger.