The Turnpike Trusts of the Eighteenth Century: A Study of Innovation and Diffusion |
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Acts adoption agricultural approach areas basic benefits bills boom Bristol British Cambridge canal capital cause charges communal concentrate cost demand diffusion direct early economic development Economic Growth Economic History economic structure effect eighteenth century emergence England England and Wales established evidence example expansion factor Figure Firstly flows forces further gained Gloucester heavy highway identified illustrated important improvements increased indices Industrial Revolution initiated innovation innovation and diffusion internal Journal Lagging Sector leading less limited London major means measures miles motive nature North operation opposition original Oxford parish Parliament particularly pattern period petitions population presented pressure production reason relations relatively renewal repair response result rise role route schemes Secondly sector Source spatial spread suggested supply Table toll towns trade traffic transport network turnpike road TURNPIKE ROAD NETWORK turnpike trust UNIVERSITY urban Webb West