The Principles and Practices of Surveying, Volume 1

Charles Blaney Breed, George Leonard Hosmer

J. Wiley & Sons, 1907 - Surveying - 530 pages

Contents

• GENERAL Definitions MEASUREMENT OF LINES ART PAGE 1 DEFINITION: 3
• AREA: 4
• METRIC CHAIN 6 THE TAPE 7 STEEL TAPES: 5
• THE STADIA 9 OTHER INSTRUMENTS WOODEN RODS TwoFoot Rule OdomE TER: 6
• MEASUREMENT OF A HORIZONTAL LINE WITH A CHAIN: 7
• MEASUREMENT OF A HORIZONTAL LINE WITH A CHAIN ON SLOP ING GROUND: 9
• MEASUREMENT WITH A STEEL TAPE ΙΟ: 10
• COMMON SOURCES OF ERROR IN MEASUREMENT OF LINES II: 11
• ACCURACY REQUIRED: 12
• TEMPERATURE: 13
• EFFECT OF WEARING ON LENGTH OF THE CHAIN: 14
• PROBLEMS: 15
• MEASUREMENT OF DIRECTION 24 THE SURVEYORS COMPASS: 16
• THE POCKET COMPASS: 18
• PAGE DIP OF THE NEEDLE 19 19 20 25 28 DECLINATION OF THE NEEDLE: 19
• VARIATIONS IN DECLINATION: 20
• ISOGONIC CHART 31 OBSERVATIONS FOR DECLINATION ADJUSTMENTS OF THE COMPASS 33 ADJUSTMENT OF THE BUBBLES: 25
• TO STRAIGHTEN THE COMPASSNEEDLE: 26
• TO CENTER THE PIVOTPOINT: 27
• TO REMAGNETIZE THE Needle 25 34 DETECTING ERRORS IN ADJUSTMENT OF THE NEEDLE 1 30 00 00 00 00 28 28 29 30 30 25 25 26 ...: 28
• DETECTING LOCAL ATTRACTIONS OF The Needle 41 CALCULATING ANGLES FROM BEARINGS PROBLEMS: 30
• MEASUREMENT OF ANGLES THE TRANSIT: 31
• THE TELESCOPE: 34
• THE OBJECTIVE CROSSHAIRS EYEPIECE MAGNIFYING POWER: 37
• FIELD OF VIEW 52 THE VERNIER: 38
• VERNIERS USED ON TRANSITS: 39
• ECCENTRICITY: 44
• USE OF THE TRANSIT 56 SETTING UP THE TRANSIT: 45
• TO MEASURE A HORIZONTAL ANGLE: 47
• TO MEASURE AN ANGLE BY REPETITION: 48
• TO LAY OFF AN ANGLE BY REPETITION: 50
• RUNNING A STRAIGHT LINE ONE POINT VISIBLE FROM THE OTHER: 51
• PROLONGING A STRAIGHT LINE 63 64 65 METHODS OF SHOWING SIGHTS: 52
• SIGNALS: 53
• TO MEASURE A VERTICAL ANGLE: 54
• PRECAUTIONS IN THE USE OF THE TRANSIT: 55
• ADJUSTMENTS OF THE TRANSIT 70 ADJUSTMENT OF THE PLATE BUBBLES: 56
• ADJUSTMENT OF THE STANDARDS: 59
• THE SOLAR ATTACHMENT: 65
• ADJUSTMENT OF THE CROSSHAIRS: 70
• CHAPTER IV: 72
• 38: 77
• 39: 78
• USE OF THE LEVEL AND: 83
• 44: 87
• ADJUSTMENTS OF THE DUMPY LEVEL: 91
• LAND SURVEYING: 99
• w w w w w w w w cu 31: 103
• CHECKING THE FIELDWORK: 109
• ORGANIZATION OF TRANSIT PARTY III: 111
• NOTEKEEPING: 112
• SURVEY OF A FIELD FOR a Deed: 114
• 34: 115
• JUDICIAL FUNCTIONS OF THE SURVEYOR: 116
• RERUNNING OLD SURVEYS FROM A DEED: 118
• HOW TO LOOK UP A RECORDED DEED: 120
• THE UNITED STATES SYSTEM OF SURVEYING THE PUBLIC LANDS 154 THE SYSTEM: 121
• 36: 123
• INITIAL POINTS: 124
• PRINCIPAL MERIDIAN: 126
• TOWNSHIP EXTERIORS: 127
• METHOD OF SUBDIVIDING: 128
• MEANDERING: 134
• SUMMARY OF OBJECTS AND DATA INTERSECTED BY THE LINE OR IN ITS VICINITY TO BE NOTED: 139
• PRESCRIBED LIMITS FOR CLOSINGS AND LENGTHS OF LINES: 141
• FIELD NOTES: 142
• 37: 146
• MARKING THE CORNERS: 147
• 45: 148
• 51: 149
• TANGENT METHOD: 150
• 5555: 153
• CONVERGENCE OF THE MERIDIANS: 154
• TRAVERSE LINES LOCATION OF BUILDINGS MISCELLANEOUS SURVEYING PROBLEMS TRAVERSE LINES 171 TRAVERSES WHICH D...: 156
• CHECKING BY CUTOFF LINES: 157
• CHECKING BY ANGLES TO A DISTANT OBJECT: 158
• LOCATION OF BUILDINGS FROM TRANSIT LINE 176 METHODS OF LOCATING BUILDINGS: 159
• GENERAL SUGGESTIONS: 160
• PLOTTING: 161
• PLOTTING: 162
• PLOTTING: 163
• PLOTTING: 164
• BUILDINGS LOCATED FROM OTHER BUILDINGS: 165
• BUILDINGS OF IRREGULAR SHAPE: 166
• LOCATION OF BUILDINGS BY ANGLES AND DISTANCES: 167
• MISCELLANEOUS SURVEYING PROBLEMS 191 RANDOM LINE: 169
• OBSTACLES ON LINE: 170
• SHORT TRANSIT SIGHTS: 172
• MEASURING AROUND A SMALL OBSTACLE: 173
• EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE METHOD: 174
• INTERSECTING TRANSIT LINES: 175
• BY TANGENT OFFSET METHOD: 176
• BY OBLIQUE TRIANGLE METHOD: 177
• TO OBTAIN THE DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO INACCESSIBLE POINTS BY OBSERVATION FROM Two ACCESSIBLE POINTS: 178
• TO OBTAIN THE INACCESSible Distance BETWEEN TWO ACCESSIBLE POINTS BY OBSERVATION ON TWO INACCESSIBLE POINTS OF ...: 179
• OBSERVATIONS FOR MERIDIAN 206 TO ESTABLISH A TRUE MERIDIAN LINE BY OBSERVATION ON POLARIS WITH THE TRANSIT: 180
• OBSERVATION FOR MERIDIAN ON POLARIS AT ELONGATION: 182
• OBSERVATION FOR MERIDIAN ON POLARIS AT CULMINATION: 185
• TO FIND THE STANDARD TIME OF CULMINATION AND ELONGATION: 186
• MERIDIAN OBSERVATIONS ON POLARIS WITH THE COMPASS: 187
• MERIDIAN OBSERVATION ON POLARIS AT ANY TIME WITH THE TRANSIT: 188
• SOLAR OBSERVATIONS: 190
• OBSERVATION FOR MERIDIAN BY A SINGLE ALTITUDE OF THE SUN: 193
• OBSERVATION FOR MERIDIAN BY MEANS OF THE SOLAR ATTACHMENT: 195
• OBSERVATIONS FOR LATITUDE ART PAGE 216 BY THE ALTITUDE OF POLARIS AT UPPER OR LOWER CULMINATION: 196
• PROBLEMS: 197
• LEVELING 218 DEFINITIONS: 198
• DOUBLE RODDED LINES: 201
• BENCH MARKS AND TURNING POINTS: 202
• LEVELING FOR PROFILE: 203
• CROSSSECTIONING: 206
• CROSSSECTIONING FOR EARTHWORK: 207
• SETTING SLOPE STAKES: 208
• EARTHWORK NOTES FOR ROAD CROSSSECTIONS: 209
• CROSSSECTIONS FOR BORROWPITS: 210
• SHOOTING IN A GRADE LINE: 211
• THE STAFF GAUGE: 212
• LEVELING ACROSS A RIVER: 213
• PROBLEMS: 215
• CITY SURVEYING 240 INSTRUMENTS USED: 216
• TRANSITS AND LEVELS: 217
• CITY STANDARD: 218
• CITY LAYOUTS 245 STREETS: 219
• LOCATION OF STREETS: 220
• SIZE OF BLOCKS AND LOTS: 222
• STREET GRADES: 224
• THE DATUM PLANE: 226
• WATER AND SEWER SYSTEMS: 227
• MONUMENTS: 228
• SETTING STONE BOUNDS: 230
• ART PAGE 256 CURVED LAYOUTS: 232
• ELEMENTS OF A CIRCULAR CURVE: 233
• STAKING OUT CIRCULAR CURVES: 234
• KEEPING THE NOTES: 237
• WHEN THE Entire Curve Cannot be Laid Out from ONE END: 238
• SECOND METHOD: 239
• BOTH STREET LINES CURVED: 240
• STAKING OUT STREET GRADES: 241
• VERTICAL CURVES: 242
• CROSSSECTION OF STREET: 243
• GUTTERS AT SAME ELEVATION: 244
• IRREGULAR SHAPED BLOCKS: 247
• STAKING OUT CITY LOTS: 248
• STAKING OUT CURB LINES AND GRADES: 249
• STAKING OUT SEWERS: 251
• REVISING STREET LINES: 252
• SETTING BATTERBOARDS FOR A BUILDING: 253
• CITY PLANS AND RECORDS: 255
• TRIANGULATION SCHEME: 256
• MEASUREMENT OF BASELINE: 261
• ADJUSTMENT OF THE ANGLES: 262
• SECONDARY AND TERTIARY TRIANGULATION: 263
• TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYING 293 TRIANGULATION FOR CONTROL: 264
• LOCATION OF POINTS FROM THE TRANSIT LINE: 265
• CHARACTERISTICS OF Contours: 268
• RELATION BETWEEN CONTOUR MAP AND PROFILE: 270
• RELATION BETWEEN CONTOUR MAP AND SIDE ELEVATION OR PRO JECTION: 271
• DRAINAGE AREAS: 273
• SKETCHING CONTOURS FROM KNOWN ELEVATIONS: 276
• LOCATING CONTOURS: 277
• LOCATING CONTOURS BY CROSSSECTIONS: 278
• LOCATION OF STREAMS AND SHORE LINES: 280
• INTERSECTION Of Curved SurFACE WITH SURFACE OF GROUND: 281
• INTERSECTION Of Side Slopes OF ROAD WITH SURFACE OF GROUND: 283
• MINING SURVEYING 313 GENERAL REMARKS: 285
• MINING INSTRUMENTS 315 MINING TRANSITS: 287
• ADJUSTMENT OF TOP TELESCOPE 200: 290
• COMBINED SOLAR ATTACHMENT AND TOP TELESCOPE: 292
• COMPASSES USED IN MINES: 293
• UNDERGROUND SURVEYING 326 TRANSFERRING A MERIDIAN INTO A MINE BY USE OF THE TRANSIT: 294
• PLUMBING THE MERIDIAN DOWN A SHAFT: 296
• TRANSFERRING A MERIDIAN INTO A MINE WHEN THERE ARE TWO SHAFTS: 298
• UNDERGROUND TRAVERSES: 299
• ESTABLISHING STATION POINTS: 300
• NOTES OF A MINE TRAVERSE: 305
• UNDERGROUND LEVELING: 306
• LAYING OUT MINING WORK: 307
• 337 VERTICAL ANGLE CORRECTION FOR ECCENTRICITY OF THE TOP TELESCOPE: 308
• TO ESTABLISH A BOUNDARY LINE OF THE CLAIM UNDERGROUND: 309
• HYDRAULIC SURVEYING FOR MINES: 310
• TESTING FOR ORE BY ELECTRIC CURRENTS: 311
• MINE BOUNDARIES APPROPRIATIONS UNDER UNITED STATES LAWS: 312
• SURVEYING FOR PATENT: 314
• THE SURVEYING OF BOREHOLES: 315
• STAKING OUT THE PROBABLE APEX OF A VEIN: 316
• PROBLEMS: 318
• PART III: 321
• GENERAL PRINCIPLES MISCELLANEOUS PROB LEMS EARTHWORK COMPUTATIONS 349 GENERAL REMARKS: 323
• LOGARITHMIC OR NATURAL FUNCTIONS: 327
• SHORT CUTS: 328
• ARRANGEMENT OF COMPUTATIONS: 330
• SCALES CONTENTS xix: 331
• THACHER SLIDE RULE: 333
• TRAPEZOIDAL RULE: 334
• STRAIGHTENING CROOKED BOUNDARY LINES: 336
• AREA OF A QUADRILATERAL BY TRIANGLES: 337
• AREA OF A CURVED CORNER LOT: 338
• ROUGH CHECKS ON AREAS: 339
• DEFLECTION ANGLES AND CHORDS FOR A CIRCULAR CURVE: 341
• COMPUTATIONS OF OBSERVATIONS: 342
• VOLUME OF PRISMOID: 344
• ESTIMATES FOR GRADING: 345
• ROUGH ESTIMATES: 349
• PROBLEMS: 350
• COMPUTATION OF AREA: 352
• PAGE: 365
• THE SUBDIVISION OF LAND: 368
• TO DETERMINE THE AREA OF A FIELD BY RECTANGULAR: 374
• DRAFTING INSTRUMENTS AND MATERIAL: 381
• ART PAGE 423 PANTOGRAPH: 385
• PARALLEL RULER: 386
• PROPORTIONAL DIVIDERS: 387
• DRAWING PAPERS 433 DRAWING PAPER FOR PLANS: 388
• TRACING PAPER AND TRACING CLOTH: 389
• CROSSSECTION AND PROFILE PAPERS: 390
• PROCESS PAPERS BLUEPRINTS: 391
• VANDYKE SOLAR PAPER: 393
• ELECTRICAL PRINTING FRAMES: 395
• METHODS OF PLOTTING __ 444 LAYING OUT A PLAN: 397
• METHODS OF PLOTTING TRAVERSES 446 PLOTTING BY PROTRACTOR AND SCALE: 398
• PROTRACTOR AND TSQUARE: 400
• PLOTTING BY RECTANGULAR COÖRDINATES: 401
• CHECKS: 405
• CHECKS: 407
• PLOTTING BY CHORDS: 408
• USE OF THE SINE: 409
• METHOD OF PLOTTING DETAILS 460 BUILDINGS FENCES STREAMS ETC: 410
• CROSSSECTIONS: 411
• CHECKS: 413
• FINISHING AND FILING DRAWINGS 468 WHAT SHOULD APPEAR ON A DRAWING: 415
• PHYSICAL FEATURES: 416
• SHRINKAGE OF DRAWING PAPERS: 428
• MAPS OF LARGE EXTENT: 429
• INKING IN A PROFILE 482 CLEANING DRAWINGS: 430
• FILING DRAWINGS: 431
• INDEXING DRAWINGS 485 FILING NOTEBOOKS: 432
• INDEXING NOTES 487 OTHER RECORDS: 433
• TABLES: 435
• LOGARITHMS OF NUMBERS: 436
• LOGARITHMIC SINES AND COSINES: 455
• LOGARITHMIC TANGENTS AND COTANGENTS: 470
• NATURAL SINES AND COSINES: 485
• NATURAL TANGENTS AND COTANGENTS: 494
• RADIUS I: 506
• MEAN REFRACTIONS IN DECLINATION: 507
• TRIGONOMETRIC AND MISCELLANEOUS FORMULAS: 511
• CIRCULAR CURVE FORMULAS X GEOMETRIC FORMULAS: 513
• LINEAR MEASURE XII SQUARE MEASURE XIII LINEAR MEASURE XIV SQUARE MEASURE XV CONSTANTS GREEK ALPHABET: 514
• APPENDIX A PRINCIPLES OF THE STADIA: 519

Bibliographic information

• Title: The Principles and Practices of Surveying, Volume 1; The Principles and Practices of Surveying, George Leonard Hosmer
• Authors: Charles Blaney Breed, George Leonard Hosmer
• Edition: 2
• Publisher: J. Wiley & Sons, 1907
• Original from: the University of Wisconsin - Madison
• Digitized: May 16, 2008
• Length: 530 pages