The Evolution of Confidence for European Consumers and Businesses in France, Germany and Italy |
Common terms and phrases
4th lag A(log(EUHCI A(log(EXCH A(POLDUM analysis ARCH₁4 augmented Dickey-Fuller test Autocorrelation Heteroskedasticity Unit autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity BANCA D'ITALIA business confidence indexes capacity utilisation Carnazza and Parigi CONSTANT consumer and business consumer confidence index consumer index consumers and firms correlation Durbin-Watson statistic EC harmonised survey economic effective exchange rate EMU different equations estimated residuals euro area European Commission Eurostat fiscal policy fitted values France and Germany FRANCE Dependent Variable Germany and Italy GERMANY Dependent Variable Heteroskedasticity consistent t-statistic Heteroskedasticity Unit root index of consumer Industrial production index interest rate Istat ITALY Dependent Variable Lagrange multiplier Maastricht Treaty macroeconomic variables monetary policy national data P-values POLDUM Real effective exchange regression standard error residual autocorrelation residuals General specification role significant Source specification Normality DW survey on consumers survey on manufacturing Table test on residuals three countries uncentred Unemployment rate Unit root test Variables Coefficients t-statistics Variables ITALY Dependent ᎠᎳ