The Demography of Corporations and Industries

Glenn R. Carroll, Michael T. Hannan

Princeton University Press, Jul 26, 2004 - Business & Economics - 490 pages

Most analysts of corporations and industries adopt the focal perspective of a single prototypical organization. Many analysts also study corporations primarily in terms of their internal organizational structures or as complex systems of financial contracts. Glenn Carroll and Michael Hannan bring fresh insight to our understanding of corporations and the industries they comprise by looking beyond prototypical structures to focus on the range and diversity of organizations in their social and economic setting. The result is a rich rendering of analysis that portrays whole populations and communities of corporations.



The Demography of Corporations and Industries is the first book to present the demographic approach to organizational studies in its entirety. It examines the theory, models, methods, and data used in corporate demographic research. Carroll and Hannan explore the processes by which corporate populations change over time, including organizational founding, growth, decline, structural transformation, and mortality. They review and synthesize the major theoretical mechanisms of corporate demography, ranging from aging and size dependence to population segregation and density dependence. The book also explores some selected implications of corporate demography for public policy, including employment and regulation.


In this path-breaking book, Carroll and Hannan demonstrate why demographic research on corporations is important; describe how to conduct demographic research; specify fruitful areas of future research; and suggest how the demographic perspective can enrich the public discussion of issues surrounding the corporation in our constantly evolving industrial society. All researchers and analysts with an interest in this topic will find The Demography of Corporations and Industries an invaluable resource.

Contents

• About Organizations: 3
• 12 Organizational Inertia and Change: 5
• 13 Competitive Intensity: 7
• 14 Global Competition: 9
• 15 Historical Efficiency: 11
• 16 Employment and Entrepreneurship: 12
• 17 A Look Ahead: 14
• The Demographic Perspective: 17
• 21 Demography of Business Organizations: 18
• 22 Organizing Principles of Demography: 25
• 23 Formal Demography and Population Studies: 26
• 24 Demographic Explanation: 28
• 25 The Demography of the Work Force: 31
• 26 Internal Organizational Demography: 32
• Toward a Corporate Demography: 35
• 31 Earlier Efforts: 36
• 32 Retaining the Classical Structure: 39
• 33 Making Demography Organizational: 40
• 34 A Research Strategy: 56
• Forms and Populations: 59
• 41 Population versus Form: 60
• 42 Identity and Form: 67
• 43 Codes: 68
• 44 Organizational Forms: 73
• 45 Organizational Populations: 74
• 46 Systems of Forms: 76
• 47 Implications for Corporate Demography: 78
• Methods of Corporate Demography: 83
• Observation Plans: 85
• 51 Designs in Organizational Research: 86
• 52 Tradeoffs in Observation Plans: 89
• 53 Impact of Observation Plans: 95
• Analyzing Vital Rates: 101
• 62 StochasticProcess Models: 110
• 63 LifeTable Estimation: 117
• 64 ConstantRate Models: 127
• Modeling Corporate Vital Rates: 135
• 72 Dependence on Covariates: 139
• 73 Note on Left Truncation: 149
• 74 Comparing Designs by Simulation: 150
• 75 Simulation Findings: 155
• Demographic Data Sources: 163
• 81 Criteria for Evaluating Sources: 164
• 82 Commonly Used Sources: 167
• 83 Using Multiple Sources: 185
• 84 Data Realities: 188
• Population Processes: 191
• Organizational Environments: 193
• 91 Telephone Companies: 194
• 92 Modeling Environmental: 197
• 93 Environmental Imprinting: 205
• 94 Imprinting in HighTechnology Firms: 207
• DensityDependent Processes I: 213
• 101 Models of Population Growth: 214
• 102 Corporate Density Dependence: 216
• 103 Theory of DensityDependent Evolution: 222
• 104 Interpreting Density Dependence: 228
• 105 Weighted Density: 232
• 106 Programmatic Issues: 236
• DensityDependent Processes II: 239
• 111 Density Delay: 240
• 112 PopulationAge Interactions: 243
• 113 Size Interactions: 251
• 114 Multilevel Processes: 253
• Segregating Processes: 261
• 121 Resource Partitioning: 262
• 122 Research on Partitioning: 269
• 123 SizeLocalized Competition: 274
• Organizational Processes: 279
• AgeDependent Processes: 281
• 131 Models of AgeDependent: 282
• 132 AgeRelated Liabilities: 288
• 133 Age and Growth Rates: 290
• 134 Theories of Age Dependence: 291
• 135 Core Assumptions: 296
• 136 Liabilities of Newness and Adolescence: 301
• 137 Liability of Senescence: 303
• 138 Alignment Drift and Obsolescence: 306
• 139 Liability of Obsolescence: 309
• Size Dependence: 313
• 141 Size and Growth Rates: 315
• 142 Age Size and Mortality: 319
• 143 Automobile Manufacturing: 322
• 144 Extending the Formalization: 331
• Initial Mobilizing: 339
• 151 Organizing Activities: 340
• 152 Theoretical Arguments: 343
• 153 Automobile Preproducers: 346
• Organizational Transformation: 357
• 161 Theory and Research: 358
• 162 Structural Inertia: 362
• 163 Transformation and Mortality: 368
• 164 Innovation in Automobile Manufacturing: 374
• A PropertyBased Formalization of Inertia Theory: 377
• Selected Implications: 381
• Organization Theory: 383
• 172 Alignment and Fitness: 385
• 173 Adaptation and Selection: 389
• 174 Speed and Efficiency of Change: 393
• 175 Historical Efficiency and Competition: 397
• Regulation: 401
• 181 Early Telephony: 403
• 182 Interconnection Laws: 404
• 183 The Kingsbury Commitment: 406
• 184 Regulation and Deregulation in Banking: 411
• 185 System Dynamics after Deregulation: 414
• 186 Deregulation and Organizational Growth: 418
• Employment: 423
• 191 Effects on Careers: 424
• 192 Corporate Demography and Job Shifts: 425
• 193 Job Creation and Dissolution: 426
• 194 Corporate Demography on Individual Mobility: 429
• 195 Employment Benefits and Social Welfare: 432
• 196 Effects of Careers on Corporate Demography: 437
• Organizational Diversity: 439
• 201 Beer and Wine Industries: 440
• 202 Diversity Careers and Inequality: 444
• 203 Toward a Community Ecology of Corporations: 451
• References: 453
• Index: 481

Bibliographic information

• Title: The Demography of Corporations and Industries; Princeton paperbacks
• Authors: Glenn R. Carroll, Michael T. Hannan
• Edition: illustrated, reprint
• Publisher: Princeton University Press, 2004
• ISBN: 0691120153, 9780691120157
• Length: 490 pages
• Subjects: Business & Economics / Development / Economic Development; Business & Economics / Industries / General; Business & Economics / Management; Business & Economics / Organizational Behavior; Business & Economics / Statistics; Social Science / Demography; Social Science / Sociology / General