Contents
BASIC OPENHEARTH FURNACES | 3 |
CHAPTER 2 | 24 |
SURVEY OF OPERATIONS 333 | 41 |
Copyright | |
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added alloy aluminum amount analysis atoms basic open-hearth bath blowholes blown metal bottom brick burnt lime calculated capped carbon content cent carbon Chapter checker chemical chromium combustion composition deoxidation determined dolomite effect elements equilibrium factors ferroalloys ferrosilicon flame fluorspar flush fuel gas evolution gases heat hot metal hot-topped hydrogen inclusions increase ingot iron oxide iron oxide content killed steel ladle lime boil limestone liquid iron liquid steel magnesite manganese material melting metallic charge method mold mole fraction molten nitrogen nozzle Open Hearth Proc open-hearth process operation oxygen oxygen content percentage phosphorus pig iron pouring pressure range Raoult's law ratio reaction refining period refractory residual rimmed steels roof sample scrap segregation shown in Fig silica silicon SiO2 slag basicity slag control solidification solubility solution steelmaking sulfur surface tapping temperature tion usually V-value weight