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Other editions - View allCommon terms and phrasesadnate aestivation albumen alternate animals anthers apex appear axil axillary axis bark base blossom bracts branches buds calyx capsule carbonic acid carpels cells cellular circle coherent commonly compound consists contain corolla cotyledons cross-section dehiscence destitute diagram dioecious distinct drupe ducts elongated embryo enlarged exhibit Exogenous Family fertile filaments five fleshy floral envelopes flower foliage fruit furnished germination grow growth herbs imbricated inclosed inner inserted juice kind layer leaf leaves lobes magnified matter membrane nearly nourishment one-celled opposite organs ovary ovules oxygen parenchyma parietal placentae peculiar perianth pericarp petals petiole pistil placentae plants pollen pollen-tube portion produced raceme radicle receptacle roots seed sepals separate showing shrubs single soil sometimes species spiral spores stamens stem stigma stipules stomata structure styles Subord summit surface termed thickened tion trees tropical trunk tube usually vegetable vernation Vertical section whole whorl wood woody tissue Popular passagesPage 337 - raised in the garden of the Horticultural Society from seeds taken from the stomach of a man, whose skeleton was found thirty feet below the surface of the earth, at the bottom of a barrow which was opened near Dorchester. He had been buried with some coins of the Emperor Hadrian ; and it is therefore probable that the seeds were sixteen or seventeen hundred years old. Page 206 - ... consume the oxygen of the air, and give back carbonic acid, which is injurious to their life, this carbonic acid is the principal element of the food of vegetables, is consumed and decomposed by them, and its oxygen restored for the use of animals. Hence the perfect adaptation of the two great kingdoms of living beings to each other ; — each removing from the atmosphere what would be noxious to the other ; — each yielding to the atmosphere what is essential to the continued existence of the... Page 237 - When, therefore, the floral organs are called modified or metamorphosed leaves, it is not to be supposed that a petal has ever actually been a green leaf, and has subsequently assumed a more delicate texture and hue, or that stamens and pistils have previously existed in the state of foliage... Page 343 - ... organ, and from his description it is evident that he confounded the two kinds since discovered, regarding them as different stages of one structure. The announcement of this discovery seemed to destroy all grounds for the assumption of distinct sexes, not only in the ferns but in the other Cryptogams, since it was argued that the existence of these cellular organs, producing moving spiral filaments, the so-called spermatozoa, upon the germinating fronds, proved that they were not to be regarded... Page 190 - The residue left by the combustion is commonly composed of salts — alkaline chlorides, with bases of potash and soda, earthy and metallic phosphates, caustic or carbonated lime and magnesia, silica, and oxides of iron and of manganese. Several other substances are also met with there, but in quantities so small that they may be neglected. Page 343 - ... cellular Marchantia-like frond. The globular cell produces in its interior a number of minute vesicles, in each of which is developed a spiral filament, coiled up in the interior. At a certain epoch the globular cell bursts and discharges the vesicles, and the spiral filaments moving within the vesicles at length make their way out of them and swim about in the water, displaying a spiral or heliacal form, and consisting of a delicate filament with a thickened clavate extremity : this, the so-called... Page 177 - ... bundles ; or the increased size of the coming leaf-bud will snap them ; or, if these causes are not in operation, a gust of wind, a heavy shower, or even the simple weight of the lamina, will be enough to disrupt the small connections and send the suicidal member to its grave. Such is the history of the fall of the leaf. We have found that it is not an accidental... Page 506 - Vegetables composed of parenchyma alone, of congeries of cells, or even of separate cells, often vaguely combined in a thallus, never exhibiting a marked distinction into root, stem, and foliage, or into axis and leaves (94-104, 106). Page 369 - ... particulars; and to combine the subordinate groups into larger natural assemblages, and these into still more comprehensive divisions, so as to embrace the whole vegetable kingdom in a methodical arrangement. All the characters which plants present, that is, all the points of agreement or difference, are employed in their classification ; those which are common to the greatest number of plants being used for the primary grand divisions ; those less comprehensive for subordinate groups, &c. ;... References from web pagesJSTOR: The Botanical Text-Book, 6th Edition, Part I, Structural Botany jd Hooker, George Bentham, Asa Gray and Ferdinand Mueller on ... Gray Asa: The Botanical Text-Book, An Introduction To Scientific ... Isaac Sprague, “delineator and naturalist” |