Practical Horse-shoeing |
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amount of horn anatomy angle applied attached bars becomes bevelled border calkins cause circumference clip concave concussion coronary cushion coronet degree of obliquity diminished draught horses durability evil farrier feet fetlock fibres flakes flexor tendon footedness fore front frustrum functions groom ground face ground surface growth healthy heavy heels horny box horny frog horse-shoeing horse's foot hot shoe increase injury iron knife lameness laminæ lateral cartilages length less ligament lower face lower margin lower surface Mammilla manner meet the ground membrane method of shoeing mutilated nail-holes nails narrow natural navicular bone navicular disease necessary organ outer pare the sole pastern pedal bone Perioplic plantar cushion plate portion practice prevent protection rasp removed roads secreting secreting apparatus sensitive shape shod side slippery soft strain sufficient sustain texture thickness thin tufts unnatural exposure vascular veterinary surgeons villi wall wear weight whole worn
Popular passages
Page 57 - Suppose that the weight of a shoe is two pounds, it is not excessive to admit that a horse trots at the rate of one step every second, or sixty steps a minute. In a minute, then, the limb of a horse whose foot carries two pounds, makes efforts sufficient to raise a weight of one hundred and twenty pounds. For the four limbs this weight in a minute is represented by 120 X...
Page 77 - In the hind foot, the wall is generally strong toward the quarters and heel. These facts at once give us an indication as to the best position for the nail-holes. In the fore-foot, nails may be driven through the wall around the t toe, as far as the inside quarter and a little nearer the heel on the outside.
Page 58 - ... is 14,400 kilograms (31,680 Ibs.), and for four hours, the mean duration of a day's work in these omnibuses, the total amount of weight raised has reached the respectable figure of 57,600 kilograms (126,720 Ibs.). " But the movement communicated to these 57,600 kilograms represents an expenditure of power employed by the motor, without any useful result, and as the motor is a living one, this expense of strength represents an exhaustion, or, if you like it better, a degree of fatigue, proportioned...
Page 48 - ... more than any other part, requires to be efficiently shielded — is at once ruthlessly denuded of its protection, and exposed to the most serious injury. The immature horn, suddenly stripped of its outer covering, immediately begins to experience the evil effects of external influences. It loses its moisture, dries, hardens, and shrivels up. It also occupies a smaller space ; and, in doing so, the sole becomes more concave, drawing after it the wall, — for it must be remembered that the sole...
Page 57 - If, at the termination of a day's work, we calculate the weight represented by the mass of iron in the heavy shoes a horse is condemned to carry at each step, we shall arrive at a formidable array of figures, and in this way be able to estimate the amount of force uselessly expended by the animal in raising the shoes that overload his feet The calculation I have made possesses an eloquence that dispenses with very long commentaries. Suppose that...
Page 57 - ... to estimate the amount of force uselessly expended by the animal in raising the shoes that surcharge his feet. The calculation I have made possesses an eloquence that dispenses with very long commentaries. " Suppose the weight of a shoe is 1,000 grams (about 2!
Page 17 - It is triangular in shape, with the base betweem the heels, and is partially divided by a shallow cleft. " The substance of the frog is eminently elastic, and corresponds in the closest manner to the dense elastic pads on the soles of the feet of such animals as the camel, elephant, lion, bear, dog, cat, etc., and which are evidently designed for contact with the ground, the support and protection of the tendons that flex the foot, to facilitate the springy movements of these animals, and for the...
Page 77 - The shoe ought to be attached by nails to those parts of the wall where the horn is strongest and toughest. In the fore-foot, these parts are in front and along the sides to the quarters. There the horn becomes narrow and thin, and the nails find less support, and are nearer to the living textures. This is more particularly the case towards the heels, especially the inner one. "In the hind foot, the wall is generally...
Page 86 - This proceeding is very injurious. "In hot fitting we have none of these objections. The shoe is very readily adapted to the foot: it is more equally applied, and rests solidly on the hoof, so that the nails are not broken or displaced by the shoe becoming loose : in fine, there is a more intimate contact between the iron and the surface of the horn.
Page 58 - But the movement communicated to these 57,600 kilograms represents an expenditure of power employed by the motor, without any useful result, and as the motor is a living one, this expense of strength represents an exhaustion, or, if you like it better, a degree of fatigue, proportioned to the effort necessary for its manifestation. This calculation is most simple and readily understood. It is to be noted, nevertheless, that I have omitted a considerable factor, which is, that the weights I have tabulated...