Basic Methods for the Calibration of Sonar Equipment |
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acoustic axis adjusted applied attenuator available power baffle band band-pass filter beam width calibration Chapter characteristics chart circuit coaxial computation correction coupling coupling loss crest factor crystal decibels depth detector device diaphragm directivity index directivity pattern ducer dyne per sq echo-ranging electric electric impedance electric terminals equation equipment factors filter frequency range gear hydro hydrophone impedance impedance bridge input instrument laboratory magnetostrictive maximum measurements ments meter method modulator NDRC noise obtained ohms operation oscillator oscilloscope output pier piezoelectric piston plane power amplifier preamplifier projector proximity effects pulse quency ratio receiving response reciprocity recorder reflections resistance resonance rigging rotator shown in Figure signal sonar sound field specular reflection spherical wave sq cm standard standing waves surface tank temperature terminals testing distance thyratron tion trans transducer transmission loss underwater sound USRL usually velocity watt wattmeter wave length