Drag Reduction in Fluid Flows: Techniques for Friction ControlRobert H. J. Sellin, R. T. Moses |
Common terms and phrases
asymptotic coefficient concentrated polymer solutions Darcy friction factor decrease degradation developed devices district heating downstream drag reducing additives drag reducing effect drag reducing polymers elongational viscosity experimental experiments flow rate friction factor friction reduction guar gum heat exchanger heat transfer reduction heterogeneous drag reduction homogeneous polymer solution hydraulic hydrofoil inch increase influence injector investigation laminar flow LEBU loop manipulator measured mechanical molecular weight momentum Newtonian fluid non-newtonian fluids parameters Pipeline polyacrylamide polymer additives polymer concentration polymer injection polymer thread pressure drop pump ratio region Reynolds number Rheol Rheology riblet film riblet surface roughness scale Separan shear rate shear stress shows skin friction skin-friction solvent speed streamwise structures studies sublayer surfactant surfactant solution TAPS temperature test section transducer transport tube turbulent boundary layer turbulent drag reduction turbulent flow turbulent pipe flow velocity profiles viscoelastic vortex wall shear stress wppm xanthan gum