The Ḥaram of Jerusalem, 324-1099: Temple, Friday Mosque, Area of Spiritual Power

Andreas Kaplony

Franz Steiner Verlag, 2002 - Jerusalem / Haram - Geschichte 324-1099 - 789 pages

From the Muslims' to the Crusaders' conquest Jerusalem is among the world's best known cities. Its most outstanding and constant feature is its shared holiness by three major confessions (Muslim, Jewish and Christian). Covering the Marwanid, the Abbasid, and the Faimid phase, this study describes not only the emergence of conceptions with which the three major confessions share this city, but also their interactions as well as the political circumstances and religious axioms which give each conception its specific shape. Looking for these conceptions of the holy area of the city the Haram has been chosen. This area of the former temple was highly significant to all three confessions. The analysis is based on a careful description of the Haram (focusing on topics like names and traditions, architecture, rituals and customs, visions and dreams), and on the establishment of as many parallels as possible. "The result is a volume of astonishing depth and comprehensiveness [a] As a compendium of sources it is unrivalled." Journal of Palestine Studies "The excellent graphics added to each section, culminating in 103 figures, deserve special mention. Also impressive is Kaplony's generous handling of space; it seems that he was aiming for the display of all the texts available to him. [a] taking into account Kaplony's treatment of the subject, one is tempted to compare it with that of the precision and care of Swiss watchmakers. Unless new sources come to light, which is not very likely, this book will be the standard work a for many years to come." Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam "This book is an excellent contribution to the growing literature on Islamic Jerusalem, and it will indubitably be of interest to scholars and students of medieval Islamic history." International Journal of Middle East Studies. (Franz Steiner 2002)

Contents

• Introduction: 1
• The H ARAM: 15
• The HARAM WALL and the GATES: 16
• The COURTYARD: 17
• The PLATFORM: 18
• The DOME OF THE ROCK: 19
• The AQSA MOSQUE: 20
• the former Temple: 23
• The PreMarwanid former Temple: 24
• The PreMarwanid former Temple dominated by the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and the Mount of Olives: 25
• The PreMarwanid mosque of Jerusalem subordinate to the Kaba of Mecca: 29
• the Temple Mosque: 33
• The Marwanid mosque of Jerusalem: 36
• The Marwanid Temple: 43
• The Dome of the Rock part of the Marwanid Temple: 44
• The Marwanid holy area: 53
• The Dome of the Rock part of the Marwanid holy area: 54
• the mosque: 59
• The HighAbbasid mosque of Jerusalem: 62
• The High Abbasid Temple: 66
• The Dome of the Rock part of the High Abbasid Temple: 67
• The High Abbasid holy area: 73
• The Dome of the Rock part of the High Abbasid holy area: 74
• The Temple in High Abbasid Jewish sources: 80
• the reformed Temple Mosque: 83
• The Fatimid Temple: 86
• The Dome of the Rock part of the Fatimid Temple: 87
• The Fatimid mosque of Jerusalem: 92
• The mosques inside the High Fatimid mosque: 93
• The zones of the High Fatimid mosque: 95
• The zones inside the Aqsa Mosque: 96
• The Fatimid holy area: 102
• The Dome of the Rock part of the Fatimid holy area: 103
• The Aqsa Mosque part of the High Fatimid holy area: 104
• The prayerroute of Ibn alMuragga in the Early Fatimid holy area: 106
• The Fatimid Temple in Jewish sources: 109
• General conclusions A219A244: 115
• The Marwanid rebuilding: 116
• The High Fatimid rebuilding of the areas south and the corresponding migration of names and traditions: 117
• Changes in architecture and traditions since the High Fatimid period: 118
• Bibliography: 123
• Index to Part A: 165
• The PreMarwanid area: 179
• The PreMarwanid wall and gates: 187
• The PreMarwanid interior: 199
• The position of the PreMarwanid mosque of the Muslims: 209
• The Marwanid area: 213
• The Marwanid wall and gates: 257
• The Marwanid courtyard: 284
• The position of the Marwanid platform: 294
• The Marwanid platform: 295
• The position of the Marwanid Dome of the Rock: 313
• The Marwanid Dome of the Rock layout: 314
• The Marwanid underground corridor under the Dome of the Rock: 335
• The two zones inside the Marwanid Dome of the Rock layout: 341
• The two zones inside the Marwanid Dome of the Rock crosssection: 342
• The assumed position of the Marwanid fence around the Rock: 344
• The position of the Marwanid place of congregational prayer: 371
• The Marwanid place of congregational prayer layout: 372
• The High Abbasid area: 383
• The High Abbasid wall and gates: 404
• Remains of a triple gate at BAB ALATM: 446
• Remains of a triple gate at BAB HITTA: 451
• The High Abbasid Pool of the Children of Israel and the gate nearby: 453
• The High Abbasid courtyard: 464
• The position of the High Abbasid platform: 473
• The High Abbasid platform: 474
• The position of the High Abbasid Ascent of the Prophet: 479
• The position of the High Abbasid Dome of the Rock: 497
• The High Abbasid Dome of the Rock layout: 498
• The High Abbasid Dome of the Rock view: 499
• The position of the gates of the High Abbasid Dome of the Rock: 507
• The gates of the High Abbasid Dome of the Rock layout: 508
• The layers of the High Abbasid dome of the Dome of the Rock: 532
• The position of the High Abbasid Roofed Hall: 537
• The High Abbasid Roofed Hall layout: 538
• Factors defining the position of the High Abbasid Roofed Hall: 542
• The Fatimid area: 559
• Water storage in the Fatimid courtyard as described by Nasir: 577
• The Fatimid wall and gates: 579
• The Fatimid underground gates crosssection: 587
• The Early Fatimid Gate of the Prophet and the Chamber of Mary or Cradle of Jesus in the sequence of Ibn alMuragga Nr 5269: 601
• The High Fatimid Gate of the Prophet the Gate of the Spring and the Mosque of the Cradle of Jesus in the sequence of Nasir: 606
• The Fatimid Gate of David view from the west: 615
• The High Fatimid Main Gate and the Gate of the Tribes in the sequence of Nasir: 628
• The position of the Fatimid Main Gate the characteristic Fatimid portalminaret opposite the main Prayerniche: 632
• The High Fatimid double gate the Gate of Mercythe Gate of Repentance view from the courtyard: 641
• The Fatimid courtyard: 645
• The concentric zones of the Fatimid area around the Rock layout: 648
• The concentric zones of the Fatimid area around the Rock side view: 649
• The High Fatimid arcades of the southwest corner: 651
• The High Fatimid Mosque of the Cradle of Jesus: 669
• The Fatimid platform: 676
• The Fatimid Ascent of the Prophet side view: 688
• The position of the Fatimid North Ascent: 697
• The position of the Fatimid Dome of the Rock: 714
• The Fatimid Dome of the Rock layout: 715
• The Fatimid Dome of the Rock side view: 716
• The height of the Fatimid Dome of the Rock: 723
• The layout of the Fatimid Dome of the Rock as described by Nasir without any conjecture: 740
• The layout of the Fatimid Dome of the Rock as described by Nasir with conjecture: 741
• The columns between each two pillars of the outer and inner arcades of the Fatimid Dome of the Rock layout: 742
• The layout of the Fatimid Dome of the Rock as described by Nasir with double conjecture: 743
• The Early Fatimid place where people pray and touch and kiss the Rock in the sequence of Ibn alMuragga Nr 5269: 746
• The position of the Early Fatimid Inner Roofed Mosque: 759
• The Early Fatimid Inner Roofed Mosque layout: 760
• The Early Fatimid Inner Roofed Mosque and the whole area: 762
• The position of the High Fatimid Roofed Hall or Aqsa Mosque: 770
• The High Fatimid Roofed Hall or Aqsa Mosque: 771
• Dimensions of the High Fatimid Aqsa Mosque and the open courtyard east of it: 777
• High Fatimid places connected by Nasir with Muhammads Night Journey: 778

Bibliographic information

• Title: The Ḥaram of Jerusalem, 324-1099: Temple, Friday Mosque, Area of Spiritual Power; Volume 22 of Freiburger Islamstudien Series, ISSN 0170-3285
• Author: Andreas Kaplony
• Edition: illustrated
• Publisher: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2002
• ISBN: 3515079017, 9783515079013
• Length: 789 pages