Public Finance in Theory and Practice |
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adjustment allocation allowance analysis applied approach assets average benefit-cost ratio benefits and costs billion bracket rates budget capital gains capital income changes Chap considered consumer consumer surplus consumption corporation tax cost-benefit analysis deduction depreciation discount dividends earnings economic effects efficient equal equity evaluation exemptions facilities factor federal Figure finance fiscal given gross imposed included increase indifference curve individual income tax interest involved itemized deductions low-income marginal rate measured national income noted opportunity cost output payments payroll tax percent percentage preferences present value problem profits progressive progressive taxation property tax public expenditures public sector purchases rate of return reduced reflects result rise sales tax saving schedule share social Table tax base tax incidence tax rate tax revenue tax structure taxable income taxation taxpayers tion transfer United value-added tax various voting wage