Dealing with Complexity: An Introduction to the Theory and Application of Systems Science

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Springer Science & Business Media, Mar 31, 1993 - Business & Economics - 280 pages
Contents 11. 2. 2. Four Main Areas of Dispute 247 11. 2. 3. Summary . . . 248 11. 3. Making Sense of the Issues . . 248 11. 3. 1. Introduction . . . . 248 11. 3. 2. The Scientific Approach 248 11. 3. 3. Science and Matters of Society . 249 11. 3. 4. Summary . 251 11. 4. Tying It All Together . . . . 251 11. 4. 1. Introduction . . . . 251 11. 4. 2. A Unifying Framework 251 11. 4. 3. Critical Systems Thinking 253 11. 4. 4. Summary 254 11. 5. Conclusion 254 Questions . . . 255 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Chapter One SYSTEMS Origin and Evolution, Terms and Concepts 1. 1. INTRODUCTION We start this book with Theme A (see Figure P. I in the Preface), which aims to develop an essential and fundamental understanding of systems science. So, what is systems science? When asked to explain what systems science is all about, many systems scientists are confronted with a rather daunting task. The discipline tends to be presented and understood in a fragmented way and very few people hold an overview understanding of the subject matter, while also having sufficient in-depth competence in many and broad-ranging subject areas where the ideas are used. Indeed, it was precisely this difficulty that identified the need for a comprehensive well-documented account such as is presented here in Dealing with Complexity.

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Contents

I
1
IV
2
V
6
VI
7
VII
21
IX
23
X
24
XI
25
LXXVII
128
LXXVIII
130
LXXIX
131
LXXXI
132
LXXXII
133
LXXXIII
134
LXXXIV
135
LXXXV
139

XII
28
XIII
31
XIV
32
XVI
34
XVIII
36
XIX
37
XX
38
XXI
39
XXII
40
XXV
41
XXVI
42
XXVII
44
XXVIII
45
XXIX
46
XXXII
47
XXXIII
48
XXXV
49
XXXVI
52
XXXVII
53
XXXVIII
58
XXXIX
59
XL
61
XLI
63
XLIII
64
XLIV
66
XLV
69
XLVI
70
XLVII
74
XLIX
77
LI
78
LII
79
LIV
80
LV
81
LVI
87
LVII
91
LX
92
LXI
95
LXII
96
LXIII
97
LXIV
99
LXV
100
LXVI
102
LXVII
105
LXVIII
108
LXX
109
LXXI
115
LXXII
116
LXXIV
119
LXXV
125
LXXVI
127
LXXXVI
141
LXXXVII
142
LXXXVIII
148
LXXXIX
149
XC
151
XCI
152
XCII
158
XCIII
160
XCIV
161
XCVII
175
XCVIII
188
XCIX
189
C
191
CI
193
CII
194
CIII
196
CIV
197
CVI
205
CVII
208
CVIII
210
CIX
211
CX
215
CXI
218
CXII
220
CXIII
223
CXV
224
CXVI
225
CXVII
226
CXVIII
232
CXIX
233
CXXI
235
CXXII
236
CXXIV
237
CXXV
239
CXXVI
240
CXXVII
242
CXXVIII
243
CXXIX
245
CXXX
246
CXXXI
247
CXXXII
248
CXXXIV
249
CXXXV
251
CXXXVIII
253
CXXXIX
254
CXLI
255
CXLII
257
CXLIII
267
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