Twice a Stranger: The Mass Expulsions that Forged Modern Greece and TurkeyIn the dismantling of the Ottoman Empire following World War I, nearly two million citizens in Turkey and Greece were expelled from homelands. The Lausanne treaty resulted in the deportation of Orthodox Christians from Turkey to Greece and of Muslims from Greece to Turkey. The transfer was hailed as a solution to the problem of minorities who could not coexist. Both governments saw the exchange as a chance to create societies of a single culture. The opinions and feelings of those uprooted from their native soil were never solicited. In an evocative book, Bruce Clark draws on new archival research in Turkey and Greece as well as interviews with surviving participants to examine this unprecedented exercise in ethnic engineering. He examines how the exchange was negotiated and how people on both sides came to terms with new lands and identities. Politically, the population exchange achieved its planners' goals, but the enormous human suffering left shattered legacies. It colored relations between Turkey and Greece, and has been invoked as a solution by advocates of ethnic separation from the Balkans to South Asia to the Middle East. This thoughtful book is a timely reminder of the effects of grand policy on ordinary people and of the difficulties for modern nations in contested regions where people still identify strongly with their ethnic or religious community. |
Other editions - View all
Twice A Stranger: How Mass Expulsion Forged Modern Greece And Turkey Bruce Clark No preview available - 2021 |
Twice a Stranger: The Mass Expulsions that Forged Modern Greece and Turkey Bruce Clark No preview available - 2009 |
Common terms and phrases
20th century Aegean American Anatolia Ankara Armenians arrived Athens Ayvalik Balkans Bektashi Black Sea region British Bulgarians Cappadocia Christians and Muslims church Constantinople Cretan Crete crypto-Christians culture deported diplomatic Drama eastern ethnic European exodus expelled expulsion fact father Greece Greece and Turkey Greece's Greek army Greek government Greek Macedonia Greek Orthodox Greek-Turkish Greeks and Turks Grevena Hellenic houses Imera insisted Islam island Ismet Istanbul Izmir land language League of Nations least lived Mavrovatos memories migrants minorities modern Mustafa Kemal Mytilene Nansen negotiations neighbours newcomers northern Greece Orthodox Christians Ottoman empire Ottoman Muslims Özsoy Patriarch political politicians Pontic Greek population exchange population transfer port religion religious remained resettlement Russia Salonika Samsun seemed settlement ship side story things town Trebizond Turkey Turkey and Greece Turkey's Turkish authorities Turkish citizens Turkish nationalists Turkish republic Turkish-Greek Turks Tuzla Venizelos village western Thrace