The Diamagnetic Transition in a "zero-dimensional" Superconductor |
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agreement aluminum films aluminum particles amplitude average Bardeen BCS theory calculated changes Chapter coherence length colloid computed critical field critical region cryostat decreases depth in bulk determined diamagnetic susceptibility diamagnetism dimensional electron erature evaporation experiment experimental measurements field susceptibility Figure fluctuation effects fluctuation theory flux detector flux transformer free energy gives He³ heater high field increases indicate indium level spacing low field magnetic field magnetization curves magnetometer mean field theory measured susceptibility ment micrographs niobium non-local effects normal metal observed obtained oxide paramagnetic particle distribution particle size penetration depth phonon Phys pickup coil plotted powder samples radius Re₁ sample chamber shield Shmidt's shown in Fig small particles smaller specular reflection SQUID Strongin supercon surface tail section tank circuit temperature range temperature region ticles tion transition temperature variation varies voltage Waldram's zero zero-dimensional