Antibiotic ResistanceAnthony R.M. Coates This book describes antibiotic resistance amongst pathogenic bacteria. It starts with an overview of the erosion of the efficacy of antibiotics by resistance and the decrease in the rate of replacement of redundant compounds. The origins of antibiotic resistance are then described. It is proposed that there is a large bacterial resistome which is a collection of all resistance genes and their precursors in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. Ongoing resistance surveillance programs are also discussed, together with the perspective of a clinical microbiologist. The book then turns to specific themes such as the most serious area of resistance in pathogens, namely in Gram-negative organisms. The role of combinations of antibiotics in combating resistance emergence is discussed, particularly in the tuberculosis field, and then the importance of non-multiplying and persistent bacteria which are phenotypically resistant to antibiotics and prolong the duration of therapy of antibiotics which leads to poor compliance and resistance emergence. The role of anti-microbial compounds in textiles is covered, with its potential to exacerbate the spread of resistance. Then, efflux pumps are discussed. The final chapter describes the compounds which are in late stage clinical development, illustrating the paucity of the antibiotic pipeline, especially for Gram-negative bacteria. |
Contents
The Origins of Antibiotic Resistance | 13 |
Surveillance Programmes and Antibiotic Resistance Worldwide and Regional Monitoring of Antibiotic Resistance Trends | 31 |
Current and Future Challenges in the Development of Antimicrobial Agents | 45 |
The Role of the Outer Membrane of Gramnegative Bacteria in Antibiotic Resistance Ajax Shield or Achilles Heel? | 66 |
Prevention of Drug Resistance by Combined Drug Treatment of Tuberculosis | 87 |
Nonmultiplying Bacteria are Profoundly Tolerant to Antibiotics | 99 |
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Common terms and phrases
acid Acinetobacter baumannii activity aminoglycoside animal model antibacterial antibiotic resistance Antimicrob Agents Chemother Antimicrob Chemother antimicrobial resistance b-lactamases bacilli bacteria bacterial resistance bactericidal Bacteriol beta-lactamases biofilm Biol biosynthesis carbapenems cephalosporin Chem chemotherapy Clin Infect clinical trials compounds Curr dormant dose drug resistance effective efficacy efflux pump emergence of resistance Enterobacteriaceae Environ Microbiol enzymes Escherichia coli FEMS Microbiol fluoroquinolones genetic global Gram-negative Gram-negative bacteria Gram-positive growth increased inhibitors inhibits isoniazid linezolid lipid Livermore DM mechanisms metabolic metal microbial Mitchison Mol Microbiol molecules MRSA multidrug resistance mutations Mycobacterium tuberculosis nanoparticles nonmultiplying bacteria novel OH OH OH organisms outer membrane pathogens patients penicillin peptides peptidoglycan Phase plasmids pneumoniae population protein Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyrazinamide quinolone Raetz resistance genes resistant bacteria resistome rifampicin Salmonella silver species Staphylococcus aureus stationary-phase streptomycin studies surveillance programmes susceptibility synthesis target tetracycline therapy tigecycline tolerance toxic toxin tract infections treatment vancomycin vitro