Dictionary of Chemistry: Containing the Principles and Modern Theories of the Science, with Its Application to the Arts, Manufactures, and Medicine... |
Common terms and phrases
acetate action affinity alcohol alkalies alumine ammonia antimony arsenic atoms barytes Berzelius blue bodies boiling water called caloric carbonic acid charcoal chemistry chemists chloric acid chloride cobalt colour colourless combination combustible composed compound contains copper crystals decom decomposed decomposition DEUTO deutoxide disengaged dissolves distillation ether evaporated excess exposed filtered formed fuses fusible Gay-Lussac hydro hydro-chloric acid hydrogen inodorous insoluble iodine iron lead lime liquid liquor litmus magnesia manganese mercury metal mixture muriatic acid nature neutral nitrate nitric acid nitrogen obtained by treating odour oxalic oxide oxygen oxygen gas phosphate phosphorus PHOSPHURET platina potash potassium precipitate prisms produces properties proportions PROTO protoxide reddens retort salifiable salt silex silver soda sodium solid soluble soluble in water solution specific gravity strontian sub-carbonate substance sulphate sulphuretted hydrogen sulphuric acid tained tartrate taste temperature Thenard vapour Vauquelin vegetable vessel volatile voltaic pile water of crystallization yellow zinc
Popular passages
Page 372 - The canal along which the water is conveyed to and from a • wheeL RACK. A straight bar, which has teeth or cogs similar to those on a toothed wheel. RADICAL. That which is considered as constituting the distinguishing part of an acid, by its union with the acidifying principle, or oxygen, which is common to all acids. Thus sulphur is the radical of sulphuric acid. RADIUS. In Geometry, the semi-diameter of a circle, or a right line drawn from the centre to the circumference.
Page 502 - ... the whole surface of the earth even undergoes modifications; acted on by moisture and air, it affords the food of plants; an immense number of vegetable productions arise from apparently the same materials; these become the substance of animals; one species of animal matter is converted into another; the most perfect and beautiful of the forms of...
Page 486 - Tube of Safety. — (Fig. 501.) — A tube open at both ends, inserted into a receiver, the upper end communicating with the external air ; the lower being immersed in water. Its intention is to prevent injury from too sudden condensation or rarefaction taking place during an operation. For if a vacuum be produced within the vessel, the external air will enter through the tube, and if the air be generated, the water will yield to the...
Page 344 - ... for many hundred years, as the paintings of the 15th century prove. But when the varnish is abraded or decays, the whites of ceruse are apt to contract black specks and spots, which ruin fine paintings. Miniatures in water colours are frequently injured in this way. M. Thenard was requested to occupy himself with the means of removing these stains, without injuring the rest of the picture. After some trials, which proved that the re-agents which would operate on sulphuret of lead, would equally...
Page 175 - THOUGH bitumens, on account of their origin, are, with more propriety, classed among mineral substances ; yet, in chemical properties, they are more closely allied to the products of the vegetable kingdom. Like vegetable substances in general, they burn in the open air, and with a degree of brightness that surpasses even that of resins. By distillation...
Page 502 - ... of organized life ultimately decay, and are resolved into inorganic aggregates; and the same elementary substances, differently arranged, are contained in the inert soil; or bloom, and emit fragrance in the flower; or become, in animals, the active organs of mind and intelligence. In artificial operations, changes of the same order occur; substances having the characters of earth are converted into metals; clays and sands are united so as to become porcelain; earths...
Page 131 - The fixed residues of such matters as have undergone combustion are called cinders in common language, and calces, or now more commonly oxides, by chemists ; and the operation, when considered with regard to these residues, is termed calcination. In this general way it has likewise been applied to bodies not really combustible, but only deprived of some of their principles by heat. Thus we hear of the calcination of chalk, to convert it into lime, by driving off...