Tree Rings and ClimateTree Rings and Climate deals with the principles of dendrochronology, with emphasis on tree-ring studies involving climate-related problems. This book looks at the spatial and temporal variations in tree-ring growth and how they can be used to reconstruct past climate. Factors and conditions that appear most relevant to tree-ring research are highlighted. Comprised of nine chapters, this book opens with an overview of the basic biological facts and principles of tree growth, as well as the most important terms, principles, and concepts of dendrochronology. The discussion then shifts to the basic biology governing the response of ring width to variation in climate; systematic variations in the width and cell structure of annual tree rings; and the significance of tree growth and structure to dendroclimatology. The movement of materials and internal water relations of trees are also considered, along with photosynthesis, respiration, and the climatic and environmental system. Models of the growth-climate relationships as well as the basic statistics and methods of analysis of these relationships are described. The final chapter includes a general discussion of dendroclimatographic data and presents examples of statistical models that are useful for reconstructing spatial variations in climate. This monograph will be of interest to climatologists, college students, and practitioners in fields such as botany, archaeology, hydrology, oceanography, biology, physiology, forestry, and geophysics. |
Contents
| 1 | |
Chapter 2 Growth and Structure | 55 |
Movement of Materials and Water Relations | 118 |
Food Synthesis and Assimilation of Cell Constituents | 156 |
Chapter 5 The ClimateGrowth System | 207 |
Chapter 6 The Statistics of RingWidth and Climatic Data | 246 |
Chapter 7 Calibration | 312 |
Chapter 8 Interpretation of Climatic Calibrations Reconstruction and Verification | 376 |
Chapter 9 Reconstructing Spatial Variations in Climate | 434 |
AppendixScientific and Common Names of Trees | 507 |
| 511 | |
Glossary | 531 |
| 547 | |
| 553 | |
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Common terms and phrases
amplitudes analysis anomalies arid-site associated autocorrelation auxin average calibration cambial activity cambial tissues cambium carbon dioxide cells changes Chapter climatic data climatic factors climatic variables components conifers correlation coefficient crossdating deficits dendrochronology dendroclimatology described drought earlywood effect eigenvectors elevations energy environment environmental equation estimates evapotranspiration field figure filters first five frequencies Fritts growing season increase inferred influence LaMarche latewood limiting mean measurements needles normal obtained occur period phloem photosynthesis physiological Pinus longaeva Pinus ponderosa plant plotted precipitation predictor pressure prior growth processes radiation reconstructions record reduced regression coefficients relationships represent respiration response functions result ring width ring-width chronologies roots sample significant soil moisture species specific statistical stem stomates sufficiently summer temperatures tissues tracheids transpiration tree age tree growth tree rings tree-ring Type values variance variations in climate variations in ring vary vascular cambium verification water potential water stress winter xylem