Matrix Theory of PhotoelasticityPhotoelasticity as an experimental method for analyzing stress fields in mechanics was developed in the early thirties by the pioneering works of Mesnager in France and Coker and Filon in England. Almost concurrently, Föppl, Mesmer, and Oppel in Germany contributed significantly to what turned out to be an amazing development. Indeed, in the fifties and sixties a tremendous number of scientific papers and monographs appeared, all over the world, dealing with various aspects of the method and its applications in experimental stress analysis. All of these contributions were based on the so-called Neumann-Maxwell stress-opticallaw; they were developed by means of the classical methods of vector analysis and analytic geometry, using the conventionallight-vector concept. This way of treating problems of mechanics by photoelasticity indicated many shortcomings and drawbacks of this classical method, especially when three-dimensional problems of elasticity had to be treated and when complicated load and geometry situations existed. Meanwhile, the idea of using the Poincare sphere for representing any polarization profile in photoelastic applications was introduced by Robert in France and Aben in the USSR, in order to deal with problems of polarization oflight passing through aseries of optical elements (retarders andjor rotators). Although the Poincare-sphere presentation of any polarization profile con stitutes a powerful and elegant method, it exhibits the difficulty of requiring manipulations in three-dimensional space, on the surface of the unit sphere. However, other graphical methods have been developed to bypass this difficulty. |
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A₁ Aben analyzer angle Appl application azimuth birefringent coatings birefringent plate C₁ circle circular polariscope corresponding cos² determination elastic elliptically polarized elliptically polarized light emerging light equations fast axis fringe patterns Frocht hologram holographic interferometry holographic photoelasticity incident light interference pattern isochromatics and isopachics Jones calculus Jones matrix Jones vector Kuske light ellipse light path light ray light that emerges light vector linear retarder linearly polarized linearly polarized light loaded measuring Mech method of birefringent moiré moiré pattern Mueller and Jones Mueller calculus object beam object wave obtain optical elements optical patterns Ox axis parallel Photoelastic Effect photoelastic medium Phys Poincaré sphere Poisson's ratio polarization form principal axes principal stresses principal-stress directions problems Proc quarter-wave plate quaternion reference wave rotation scattered light scattered-light photoelasticity Senarmont sin² specimen Srinath Stokes parameters Stokes vector strain Stress Anal Stress Analysis stress-optical retardations surface thickness Wulff Zandman