Mirrors, Prisms and Lenses: A Text-book of Geometrical Optics

Front Cover
Macmillan, 1918 - Geometrical optics - 579 pages
 

Contents

Apparent Size 2022
20
The Effective Rays 2325
23
Problems 2527
25
CHAPTER II
28
Law of Reflection 3032
30
HUYGENSs Construction of the WaveFront in case of Reflection at a Plane Mirror 3337
33
Image in a Plane Mirror 3740
37
The Field of View of a Plane Mirror 4043
38
Successive Reflections from Two Plane Mirrors
43
SECTIONS PAGES
48
CHAPTER III
64
Imagery in a Plane Refracting Surface by Rays
96
Segments of a Straight Line 104
104
CHAPTER V
113
Minimum Deviation 119122
119
SECTIONS PAGES 56 Total Reflection at the Second Face of the Prism 125128
125
Perpendicular Emergence at the Second Face of the Prism
129
Deviation of Ray by Thin Prism 133
132
Power of an Ophthalmic Prism Centrad and PrismDioptry 134138
134
Position and Power of a Resultant Prism Equiva lent to Two Thin Prisms 138142
138
Problems 142148
142
CHAPTER VI
149
Reflection of Paraxial Rays at a Spherical Mirror 153156
153
Definition and Meaning of the Double Ratio 156159
156
Perspective Ranges of Points 159161
159
The Harmonic Range 161164
161
Application to the Case of the Reflection of Par axial Rays at a Spherical Mirror 164166
164
Focal Point and Focal Length of a Spherical Mirror 166168
166
Graphical Method of Exhibiting the Imagery by Paraxial Rays 168171
168
ExtraAxial Conjugate Points 171175
171
The Lateral Magnification
176
Refraction of Paraxial Rays at a Spherical Surface 179182
179
Reflection Considered as a Special Case of Refrac tion 182
182
Construction of the Point M Conjugate to the Axial Point M 183186
183
SECTIONS PAGES
186
CHAPTER VII
217
The AbscissaFormula of a Thin Lens referred
226
Construction of the Point M Conjugate to
232
SECTIONS PAGES
234
The Focal Lengths f f of an Infinitely Thin
240
Field of View of an Infinitely Thin Lens 247249
247
Change of Curvature of the Wavefront in Reflection
258
Refraction of a Spherical Wave at a Plane Surface 265269
265
The MagnificationRatios and their Mutual Rela
349
CHAPTER XI
356
Formula for Combination of Two Optical Systems in terms of the Refracting Power 360362
360
Thick Lenses Bounded by Spherical Surfaces 362365
362
The socalled Vertex Refraction of a Thick Lens 365
365
Combination of Two Lenses 366370
366
Optical Constants of GULLSTRANDs Schematic Eye 370374
370
Combination of Three Optical Systems 374376
374
Thick Mirror 376384
376
Problems 384396
384
CHAPTER XII
397
The ApertureStop and the Pupils of the System 399401
399
Illustrations 401404
401
ApertureAngle Case of Two or More EntrancePupils 404406
404
Field of View 406409
406
Field of View of System Consisting of a Thin Lens and the Eye 409413
409
The Chief Rays 413
413
The socalled BlurCircles or Circles of Diffu sion in the ScreenPlane 414416
414
The PupilCenters as Centers of Perspective of ObjectSpace and ImageSpace 416
416
Proper Distance of Viewing a Photograph 417419
417
Perspective Elongation of Image
419
Telecentric Systems 420423
420
Problems 423
423
Optical System of the Eye Magnifying Power of Optical
425
Optical Constants of the Eye 431433
431
Amplitude of Accommodation 437439
437
Correction EyeGlasses 443446
443
Apparent Size of an Object seen Through an Optical
449
Magnifying Power of a Telescope 455460
455
CHAPTER XIV
465
Dark Lines of the Solar Spectrum
472
SECTIONS PAGES
477
Chromatic Aberration and Achromatism 487489
487
Direct Vision Combination of Two Thin Prisms 493495
493
Achromatic Combination of Two Thin Lenses 499502
499
CHAPTER XV
508
Spherical Zones 515
515
The SineCondition or Condition of Aplanatism 522525
522
SECTIONS PAGES
529
The Astigmatic ImageSurfaces 536538
536
Distortion Condition of Orthoscopy 543545
543
INDEX 559579
559
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Page 474 - of a second, and on emerging will be about 1.8 miles in advance of the blue light which entered at the same time. If white light were to traverse this mass of glass, the time elapsing between the arrival of the first red and the first blue light at the eye
Page 474 - We can form some idea of the actual magnitudes involved in the following way. Suppose we have a block of perfectly transparent glass (of ref. index 1.52) twelve miles in thickness. Red light will traverse it in 1/10000 of a second, and on emerging will be about
Page 474 - same velocity. In this case the distance is so vast, and the time of transit so long, that the white light coming from the star during one of its periodic increases in brilliancy would arrive at the earth with its red component so far in advance of the blue that the fact could easily be established by the
Page 66 - and the sines of the angles of incidence and refraction are to each other in a constant ratio, the value of which depends only on the nature of the two media
Page 31 - The reflected ray lies in the plane of incidence, and the incident and reflected rays make equal angles with the normal on opposite sides of it;
Page 62 - Find the number of images formed when a bright point is placed between two plane mirrors inclined to each other at an angle of
Page 251 - Draw figures, approximately to scale, showing the paths of the rays of light, and the positions of the images formed when a luminous object is placed at a distance of
Page 474 - be less than 1/6000 of a second. MICHELSON'S determination of the velocity of light in carbon bisulphide showed that the red
Page 255 - of the ratio of the size of the image to that of the object.

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