The Jewish Community of Istanbul in the Nineteenth Century: Social, Legal and Administrative Transformations |
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19th century according accounts active addition Adliye administrative affairs amongst Anatolia appointment Ashkenazim authorities Camondo Capital central changes Chief Rabbi Christians circles cizye collection concerning congregation conservatives Constantinople Constitution construction contemporary continued contributed courts cultural developments early economic established European example forces foreign formed further Galata granted Greek Hasköy History important instance institutions internal involved Islam Israélite issued Istanbul Jewry Jerusalem Jewish community Jews Karaites languages late leaders leadership Lewis living London mainly major Maliye military millet modern education Muslim neighborhoods non-Muslims occasionally official Ottoman Empire Ottoman Jews Paris period persons political population positions post-Tanzimat Press reflected reforms regulations relations religious reports represented residents result role schools selected served social society sources status Studies Sultan synagogues Tanzimat traditional transformation Turkey Turkish University various York