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Embodied Conversational Agents

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MIT Press, Apr 3, 2000 - 430 pages
<p>Embodied conversational agents are computer-generated cartoonlike characters that demonstrate many of the same properties as humans in face-to-face conversation, including the ability to produce and respond to verbal and nonverbal communication. They constitute a type of (a) multimodal interface where the modalities are those natural to human conversation: speech, facial displays, hand gestures, and body stance; (b) software agent, insofar as they represent the computer in an interaction with a human or represent their human users in a computational environment (as avatars, for example); and (c) dialogue system where both verbal and nonverbal devices advance and regulate the dialogue between the user and the computer. With an embodied conversational agent, the visual dimension of interacting with an animated character on a screen plays an intrinsic role. Not just pretty pictures, the graphics display visual features of conversation in the same way that the face and hands do in face-to-face conversation among humans.This book describes research in all aspects of the design, implementation, and evaluation of embodied conversational agents as well as details of specific working systems. Many of the chapters are written by multidisciplinary teams of psychologists, linguists, computer scientists, artists, and researchers in interface design. The authors include Elisabeth Andre, Norm Badler, Gene Ball, Justine Cassell, Elizabeth Churchill, James Lester, Dominic Massaro, Cliff Nass, Sharon Oviatt, Isabella Poggi, Jeff Rickel, and Greg Sanders.</p>
  

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Page 119 - Acknowledgments This work was funded by the Office of Naval Research under grant N00014-95C-0179 and AASERT grant N00014-97-1-0598.
Page 47 - The system currently consists of a large projection screen on which Rea is displayed and in front of which the user stands. Two cameras mounted on top of the projection screen track the user's head and hand positions in space. Users wear a microphone for capturing speech input. A single SGI Octane computer runs the graphics and conversation engine of Rea, while several other computers manage the speech recognition and generation and image processing. Figure 1.
Page 301 - ... perceptual identification and interpretation follows the relative degree of support among the alternatives. In the course of our research, we have found the FLMP to be a universal principle of perceptual cognitive performance that accurately models human pattern recognition. People are influenced by multiple sources of information in a diverse set of situations. In many cases, these sources of information are ambiguous and any particular source alone does not usually specify completely the appropriate...
Page 1 - It will not be possible to apply exactly the same teaching process to the machine as to a normal child. It will not, for instance, be provided with legs, so that it could not be asked to go out and fill the coal scuttle. Possibly it might not have eyes.
Page 301 - The response can take the form of a discrete decision or a rating of the degree to which the alternative is likely...
Page 403 - Moore Professor and Chair of computer and information science at the University of Pennsylvania and has been on that faculty since 1974. Active in computer graphics since 1968 with more than 80 technical papers published, his research focuses on human figure modeling, manipulation, and animation.
Page 94 - Planning and Reacting in Uncertain and Dynamic Environments. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 7, 1995.
Page 253 - C. (1992). The affective reasoner: A process model of emotions in a multi-agent system.
Page 29 - Embodied conversational agents may be defined as those that have the same properties as humans in face-to-face conversation, including: • The ability to recognize and respond to verbal and non-verbal input • The ability to generate verbal and non-verbal output. • The use of conversational functions such as turn taking, feedback, and repair mechanisms.

References to this book

From other books

The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook: Fundamentals, Evolving Technologies ...
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From Google Scholar

A survey of socially interactive robots
Terrence Fong, Illah Nourbakhsh, Kerstin Dautenhahn - 2003 - Robotics and Autonomous Systems
ANVIL-A Generic Annotation Tool for Multimodal Dialogue
Michael Kipp - 2001 - Seventh European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology
Toward the Holodeck: Integrating Graphics, Sound, Character and Story
W Swartout, R Hill, J Gratch, WL Johnson, C Kyriakakis, C LaBore, R Lindheim, S Marsella
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References from web pages

Justine Cassell
articulab, a research group at Northwestern University, part of the Technology and Social Behavior program, led by Professor Justine Cassell
www.soc.northwestern.edu/ justine/

Embodied conversational agents on a common ground
One would like to rely on design guidelines for embodied conversational agents (ecas), grounded on evaluation studies. How to define the physical and mental ...
portal.acm.org/ citation.cfm?id=1138320

LNAI 2792 - Embodied Conversational Agents: Effects on Memory ...
It is often assumed that the use of Embodied Conversational Agents. (ecas) in human-computer interfaces improves human-computer interaction. ...
people.cs.uu.nl/ rj/ embodied.pdf

Ethnic Identity and Engagement in Embodied Conversational Agents
Keywords: Virtual Peers, Embodied Conversational Agents, Culture, Ethnicity. ... However, research on Embodied Conversational Agents (ecas) shows that users ...
www.springerlink.com/ index/ r423q5178024l73p.pdf

Justine Cassell
Embodied Conversational Agents are a type of multimodal interface where the ... For publications about the Embodied Conversational Agents, see publications. ...
web.media.mit.edu/ ~justine/ research.html

Conversation as a System Framework: Designing Embodied ...
Conversation as a system framework: Designing embodied conversational agents. In J. Cassell, J. Sullivan, S. Prevost, and E. Churchill, editors, ...
citeseer.ist.psu.edu/ cassell00conversation.html

Friendship Relations with Embodied Conversational Agents ...
Embodied Conversational Agents. MIT Press, Cambridge, 2000. D. Heylen & A. Nijholt. Designing and Implementing Embodied Agents: Learning from Experience. ...
wwwhome.cs.utwente.nl/ ~heylen/ Publicaties/ chi-sat-2002.pdf

Enhancing Human-Computer Interaction with Embodied Conversational ...
embodied conversational agents to address many of these communicative functions. ..... a system framework: Designing embodied conversational agents. ...
homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/ mef/ papers/ foster-hcii2007.pdf

Annotating and Generating Posture from Discourse Structure in ...
built animated embodied conversational agents that ally. synthesized speech with animated hand gestures. ..... Worlds, in Embodied Conversational Agents, J. ...
ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/ Publications/ CEUR-WS/ Vol-46/ justine-Posture.pdf

Proposal of a Script Language for Embodied Conversational Agents ...
Embodied Conversational Agents, Cambridge; MIT Press, 2000. [2]. Takahashi, T. and Takeda, H., telmea: An Asynchronous. Community System with Avatar-like ...
www-kasm.nii.ac.jp/ papers/ takeda/ 02/ AAMAS2002.pdf

About the author (2000)

Elizabeth F. Churchill is a Principal Research Scientist at Yahoo! Research in Santa Clara, CA.