Processes in Karst Systems: Physics, Chemistry, and Geology |
Contents
Chemistry of the System H₂OCO₂CaCO3 | 18 |
3 | 31 |
Mass Transport | 43 |
Copyright | |
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aperture aquifer average bedding plane boundary conditions boundary layer Buhmann and Dreybrodt Ca² Ca2+ concentration CaCO3 calcite dissolution calcite surface calcium calculated carbonate cave development cave passages channels chemical closed system CO₂ CO₂ pressure curves dependence deposition rates diameter diffusion boundary layer dissolution rates dissolved distance elementary reactions equilibrium Ewers experiments factor Figure first-order fissures flow velocity flux fracture function given groundwater H₂CO HCO3 hydraulic gradient hydraulic head hydrodynamic increasing initial input ionic joints k₁ karst systems karst water karstification kinetics laminar flow limestone mass transport mmol obtained open system output particles Pco₂ penetration lengths permeability phreatic phreatic zone Plummer porous medium rate constant region rock saturation shown in Fig shows solution species speleothems stalagmite supersaturated temperature thickness tubes turbulent flow vadose vadose zone values water table writeln Drucker zone