Surveying Measurements and Their Analysis |
Contents
SURVEY MEASUREMENT THEORY | 34 |
3 | 35 |
B ANALYZING MEASUREMENTS | 119 |
Copyright | |
5 other sections not shown
Common terms and phrases
accuracy actual adjustment alignment analysis angle measurement angular applied assumed axis bubble calculations calibration called caused centering Chapter circle closing closure compensated computed considered correction cross-hair derived determined developed difference direction discussed distance effect elevation employed equal equation equipment estimate example expected feet field Figure follows formula Given ground horizontal angle horizontal axis illustrated important instrument line of sight maladjustment mark mean measurements meters method mistakes natural noted observed occurs optical plane pointing error position practice precision probability problem procedure propagation random errors range reading reference repetitions respect scale seconds seen shown sight distances significant slope Solution sources stadia standard station surveying surveyor systematic errors tape length target telescope temperature tension theodolite theory traverse true uncertainty units usually vernier vertical angle yields