A Short History of FinlandThis is a second edition of the successful study of Finland in the English language. A Short History of Finland traces the historical development of the country from its settlement by the Finns in the first millennium AD to the present time, exploring Finland's earlier connection with Sweden, the complex relationship with Russia that has dominated Finnish history in the past two centuries, and the postwar achievements of the second republic. This second edition has been revised and updated by Emeritus Professor A. F. Upton, a leading scholar of Scandinavian history. It covers the impact of the break-up of the Soviet Union and brings events up to Finland's admission to the European Union in 1995. |
Contents
HISTORY OF FINLAND | 1 |
The land of Finland | 2 |
The people of Finland | 10 |
FINLAND AND SWEDEN | 18 |
Gustavus Vasa and the beginnings of the Reformation | 31 |
Finland and the struggle for supremacy in northern Europe | 36 |
FINLAND SWEDEN AND RUSSIA IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY | 49 |
The Anjala League | 58 |
FINLAND IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR | 122 |
The uneasy peace | 127 |
The Continuation War 19411944 | 130 |
FINLAND IN THE POSTWAR WORLD THE POLITICAL SITUATION | 134 |
THE ECONOMY OF FINLAND IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY | 147 |
THE SPIRIT OF FINLAND | 155 |
National identity | 158 |
Family life | 162 |
the Grand Duchy of Finland | 61 |
Helsinki as capital of Finland | 67 |
THE FINNISH NATIONAL AWAKENING | 69 |
The language question | 73 |
THE FINNISH ECONOMY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY | 82 |
THE POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF FINLAND 18631917 | 90 |
Russification | 91 |
The First World War | 103 |
INDEPENDENT FINLAND | 108 |
Political life in Finland 19191939 | 115 |
Economic and social conditions in the interwar period | 119 |
Social services | 165 |
Alcoholism | 166 |
Sport | 168 |
Design | 170 |
Literature | 173 |
Music | 175 |
The Church | 176 |
Appendices | 178 |
| 185 | |
| 198 | |
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Common terms and phrases
Adolphus Åland Islands Alexander ally amongst Arctic authority Baltic became began Bishop Britain cent Charles church civil Communist Party constitution culture Denmark developed Diet eastern economic Eduskunta elected Estates European exports Finn Finnish economy Finnish language Finnish national force foreign forest fortress frontier German Grand Duchy Gulf of Bothnia Gulf of Finland Gustavus Helsinki history of Finland important independence industries influence Käkisalmi Kalevala Karelia Kekkonen kilometres king Lake Ladoga land Lapland later leaders London Lutheran major Mannerheim ment military Moscow movement nineteenth century Norway Novgorod Ostrobothnia Paasikivi Pähkinäsaari peace peasants period Petsamo Pirkkalaiset Poland political President Prime Minister Reformation Riksdag Russian Scandinavian SKDL Snellman Social Democrats Soviet Union St Petersburg Svinhufvud Sweden Swedish crown Swedish speakers Tanner territory tion trade traditions troops Tsar Tsarist Turku University Väinö Vasa Viipuri western Europe winter Winter War YYA Treaty