Management of Acute Pain: A Practical Guide |
Common terms and phrases
abdominal achieved active acute pain addition adequate administration agents analgesia analgesic anesthesia anesthetic approach appropriate assessment associated block blood bupivacaine cancer cause changes chronic clinical combination comfort common considered continuous depression differences disease dose drugs duration early elimination epidural epidural catheter example experience factors fear fentanyl frequently half-life hospital immediately important increased individual infusion initial injection injury intense intraspinal intravenous involving labor limited local anesthetic maintain methods mg/kg mg/ml morphine muscle necessary needed nerve nitrous oxide nurses obstetric occur onset opioids options oral pain control pain relief patients pharmacologic phase possible postoperative pain present Problem procedures produce range receiving reduced regional respiratory responses result risk route safe scale severe side effects spinal surgery surgical sympathetic Table techniques therapy tion treated treatment usually