Radiation Damage in Thick Copper and Gold Specimens Produced by Low-energy Protons |
Common terms and phrases
50-keV proton activation energy Ames Research Center Annealing of Gold Anspaugh ref calculated trend change in electrical change in resistivity cleaned consecutively cm² cm²/H+)n constant COPPER AND GOLD copper data copper specimen DAMAGE IN THICK defects formed defects produced density of vacancy-interstitial diation Dworschak electrical resistivity ELECTRICALLY INSULATED Energy Loss function of dose gold and copper GOLD SPECIMENS PRODUCED incident proton energy increase in resistivity interstitials irra irradiated specimen isochronal annealing keV initial energy keV protons Koehler ref liquid-nitrogen-cooled shroud LOW-ENERGY PROTONS measured Moffett Field Morris Ames Research Noble Metals nucleation traps number of defects percent Phys potential difference power law proton beam proton in gold proton irradiation proton range PROTONS By Howard protons/cm² RADIATION DAMAGE recovery stage RESISTIVITY INCREASE Robert D Savage and Robert Schmidtke ref shielded specimens shown in figure specimen holder Stage III Annealing stage III recovery thermocouple THICK COPPER thick gold thin specimens