The Solar Engine and Its Influence on Terrestrial Atmosphere and ClimateElizabeth Nesme-Ribes The message of sunspots from the interior of the Sun to the Earth's climate When Galileo was summoned before the Inquisition on April 12, 1633, the main accusations laid against him concerned the doubts he expressed about Aristotle's theory of the universe. Aristotle's idea was that the Earth was the centre of the cosmos and that all of the stars, including the Sun, turned around it. Moreover, for Aristotle and the world of the Inquisitors, the Sun was a perfect celestial body. Now, Galileo had discovered spots on the Sun. These spots were seen as imperfections, and not just surface markings, but coming from within the Sun. Worse yet, they revolved around the Sun. All this supported the newfangled theory of Copernicus, and undermined a system of thought that had reigned supreme for centuries. Man of science that he was, and a prudent Catholic too, Galileo strived all his life to prove that Copernicus' astronomical concept was compatible with the word of the Bible. He proposed that there were not two truths but a single divine truth. It was just expressed in two different languages : there was the language of the common people, with its imprecision and inconsistencies, but intuitively understandable by everyone; and then there was the precise language of science with its strict regard for observation, which only a chosen few can grasp [L. Geymonat. 1992]. |
Contents
The solar dynamo | 1 |
The differential solar rotation | 27 |
Oscillatory dynamos showing change of parity on | 49 |
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The Solar Engine and Its Influence on Terrestrial Atmosphere and Climate Elizabeth Nesme-Ribes No preview available - 2011 |
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amplitude analysis associated Astrophys atmosphere average cause century changes circulation climate cloud compared considered contribution convection core correlation corresponding cosmic ray depends determined discussion distribution dynamo eddy effect energy equator estimates et al evidence experiment fact Figure flow flux forcing Geophys global greenhouse heat hemisphere important increase indices influence interval irradiance variations latitudes limit lower magnetic field Maunder Minimum maximum mean measurements mechanism Nature Nesme-Ribes observed obtained ocean oscillation past period phase physical possible present Press processes production radiation radiative radiative forcing radius recent reconstructed record regions relative response rotation scale sensitivity shown significant simulations solar activity solar cycle solar irradiance stars stratosphere structure sunspot number surface temperature term terrestrial theory thermal troposphere turbulence values variability warming waves wind zone