give the usual bond with two sureties, in the sum of $1,000, and also present a petition in his favor, signed by a majority of the voters of the precinct. In cities, the traffic is regulated by the mayor and aldermen, but no license can be granted for a less sum than the state tax therefor. This law does not apply to the sale of liquor made from the fruit of vineyards by the owners thereof.

License fees are $400, except where malt liquor only is sold, when the tax is $200. The penalty for selling without a license is from $200 to $400, and violation of the law by a licensee is visited by a fine of $50 to $200 and the bond is prosecuted.

No gambling or disorder is allowed; Sunday selling is punished with a fine of $10 to $25; selling to minors, a fine of $50 to $300, imprisonment not more than one year, or both, and forfeiture of license; sales to drunkards, by a fine of $100; to intoxicated persons and on election days, $25 to $200; on fair grounds, $10 to $100, and within 300 feet of a school, $100 to $500.

ALASKA

Alaska has a license system under which licenses are issued by the clerk of the district court under the order of the court, but no license is granted unless a majority of the white residents within a mile of where the traffic is to be carried on, consent thereto.

The applicant must file a petition which shall contain his name, place of selling, that he is a citizen of the United States, or has declared his intentions, that he has not been convicted of violating any of the laws of the district, and that he alone is to carry on the business. Any false statement therein is perjury.

The license fees for wholesalers are $2,000; for retailers in places containing 1,500 or more inhabitants, $1,500; more than 1,000 inhabitants but less than 1,500, $1,000; and everywhere else, $500. Druggists need not be licensed to sell on physicians' prescriptions or for mechanical or scientific purposes. licenses must be conspicuously displayed, and kept under a glass covering.

All

Penalties for selling without a license are fines of $100 to $2,000, or imprisonment from one month to a year, while a subsequent offense shall be punished by imprisonment. A licensee selling in violation of the terms of his license incurs a fine of $25 to $200, and for a subsequent offense the same sums, and in addition 25 per cent of the last fine, and the license is revoked. After conviction for a second offense no license can be again granted to the offender.

CALIFORNIA

California is sui generis on the liquor traffic. She is the great wine producing state of the Union, producing more than threefifths of all the wine made in the Republic, and even exports it abroad to be turned into the wine of European countries. By her constitution and the several amendments including 1901, each municipality deals with the liquor traffic as its interests seem to require, and permits, restricts or regulates the business within its jurisdiction.

The general excise law provides that licenses for the retail of liquor be issued by the tax collectors, who give them out to the retailers upon payment of a tax which is graded as follows: On sales to the amount of $10,000 or more monthly, $40 a month; on sales of over $5,000,

but not exceeding $10,000, $20 per month; and on sales amounting to less than $5,000 monthly, $5 a month. Druggists are not required to take out licenses to sell on physicians' prescriptions, or to sell alcohol for mechanical and scientific purposes. Selling without a license is a misdemeanor, and in addition suit is brought for the amount of the license.

In addition to this fee, a tax is levied upon all sales of liquor by the quart or over, which is also graded upon the amount of monthly sales, and runs all the way from a tax of $1 imposed on monthly sales of less than $1,200, to one of $50 per month on monthly sales amounting to $100,000.

In San Francisco the board of police commissioners grant the licenses, but no retail license can be granted unless the applicant has obtained either the consent of a majority of the board, or the written recommendation of not less than two citizens owning real estate in the block or square in which such business of a liquor seller is to be carried on. Licenses are issued for three months, and a sale without a license incurs a fine of not exceeding $1,000, and imprisonment not more than six months, or both.

A retail liquor dealer pays licenses as follows:

First: Those making sales to the amount of $15,000 and over per quarter, shall pay a license of $41 per quarter.

Second: Those making sales of less than $15,000 per quarter, shall pay a license fee of $21 per quarter.

After January 1, 1886, no license as a retail or as a grocery and retail liquor dealer could be issued without the written consent of a majority of the board of police commissioners, or the written recommendation of not less than 12 citizens of San

Francisco owning real estate in the block or square in which such business is to be carried on.

All barrooms are required by law to be closed between midnight and 6 a. m. No liquor can be sold to a minor under 18 years of age, nor can such minor enter a place where liquors are sold, under penalty of a fine of $100 to $300.

The effect of all the ordinances is to fix the annual license fee for saloons in San Francisco at $84, since but few are taken out on a higher scale than $21 per quarter.

The 54 counties of California contain only some nine towns with a population of 10,000 and upwards. Of these counties two were under prohibition. These are small counties in the northeastern section of the state. There are about 40 towns that are or have been under prohibition. But here, as elsewhere, the changes, when they occur, are in favor of high license and against prohibition.

16

SYNOPSIS

OF THE

Liquor Laws in the Principal Foreign Countries

GREAT BRITAIN

Who need not obtain licenses to sell.

No license to sell liquor is required of any wholesale dealer in spirituous liquor; nor of any wine merchant, or wholesale dealer in spirituous liquor in any quantity, the wine or liquor not to be drunk on the premises where sold.

Who must obtain a license to sell.

No person in Great Britain can sell or expose for sale by retail any intoxicating liquor without a license, either on his own. premises, or at any place other than where he is licensed to sell. Penalties for selling without a license.

For the first offense, a penalty is imposed of a fine not exceeding £50 or imprisonment not to exceed one month.

For a second offense, a fine may be imposed not exceeding £100 and imprisonment not to exceed three months. In addition, all liquors on the premises may be declared forfeited, and the seller disqualified from selling liquor for five years.

For a third, and all subsequent offenses, a fine not to exceed £100, may be inflicted, or imprisonment imposed not to exceed six months. In addition, all liquors may be declared forfeited, and the seller disqualified from trafficking in liquor for any term of years, or forever.