History of Vacuum Science and Technology: A Special Volume Commemorating the 30th Anniversary of the American Vacuum Society, 1953-1983 |
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acceleration apparatus appears atmospheric atoms beam bulb cathode century chamber changes closed collector containing continued Crookes Davisson described diffusion pump direct discharge early effect electric electron engine evacuated exhausted experimental experiments fall field force Gaede gases gauge Germer given glass heat hemispheres high vacuum History improved increase interest ionization laboratory Langmuir later less light limit lower major mass means measure mechanical mercury metal method miles molecules nature observed obtained operation original pass period Phys physics plate positive possible potential present pressure produced published radiation range rays receiver reduced Röntgen seals shown shows Society space speed studies surface techniques Technol temperature theory tion torr train trap tube University vacuum pump valve vapor volume York