4D CAD and Visualization in Construction: Developments and ApplicationsRaymond Issa, I. Flood, W. O'Brien The construction enterprise is being transformed by visual modelling. Tools such as 3D/4D CAD and virtual reality are now in widespread use in construction. This book is both a survey of the changes being made in practice and a detailed guide to future directions for research and development. This book features a number of detailed case studies and |
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4D CAD and Visualization in Construction: Developments and Applications Raymond Issa,I. Flood,W. O'Brien No preview available - 2003 |
Common terms and phrases
4D CAD 4D models activities actual addition allow alternatives analysis applications approach areas ASCE associated benefits building changes Civil communication companies complete components construction process construction project contractors coordination cost created crews defined detailed dimensions discussed documents drawings duration effective effort elements Engineering environment equipment estimates example existing facility Figure firms Fischer floor function geometry impact improve increased industry installation integrated interaction involved issues Journal materials methods needed object operations owner Pacific performance phase planning possible potential practice presented problems product model progress relationships represent representation requirements schedule sequence shown shows simulation space specific stage steel structure subcontractors tasks three-dimensional tion Tommelein trades types University virtual visualization workers