A Manual of public health

Alexander Wynter Blyth

1890 - 676

Spis treści

• 3 Death Returns: 3
• 7: 12
• 10 Zymotic DeathRate: 18
• 16 Construction of Life Tables: 24
• 18 The Construction of an Extended Life Table: 30
• 21 Multiplication by the Spiral Rule: 37
• AIRVENTILATIONWARMING: 45
• CHAPTER IV: 47
• 26 The Weight of a Volume of Air: 48
• 27 Percentage Composition of the Atmosphere: 50
• 28 The Fixation of Carbon by Plants Maintenance of the Composition of the Atmosphere: 53
• 29 Other Gases more or less constantly present in: 54
• 30 Other Substances Floating in Air Microorganisms 31 The General Difference between Town and Country: 56
• CHAPTER V: 58
• 33 Composition of Expired: 60
• 34 The Contamination of Air by Animals: 61
• 35 Quantity of Air Required per Head per Hour: 63
• 36 Atmospheric Impurity from Combustion: 65
• 37 Velocity of Air which can be Borne without Discomfort: 67
• 38 Principles Governing Air Movement: 68
• 39 Inlets and Outlets: 69
• Methods of Ventilation 40 Simple Openings: 73
• 41 Accepted Principles to be Applied to Simple Natural Ventilation 42 Appliances Connected with Windows: 74
• 43 Appliances Connected with Walls and Chimneys: 76
• 44 Special Shafts or Tubes: 77
• 45 Cowls and Extraction Shafts Generally: 78
• CHAPTER VI: 79
• 48 Ventilation Depending on Water Power: 80
• CHAPTER VII: 87
• 52 Stoves: 88
• 53 Systems Applicable for Schools and Public Buildings: 90
• 55 Steam Heating: 91
• CHAPTER VIII: 95
• 59 Chemical Method of Estimating Organic Matter in the Air: 96
• 49 The Ventilation of Underground Passages and Mines ལྟ༡༤༤ 47 48: 98
• 62 Pettenkofers Volumetric Method: 101
• 50: 102
• 64 Sulphuretted Hydrogen: 103
• CHAPTER IX: 104
• 67 Cubic Space of Rooms the Ground Plan of which is an Irregular Figure: 106
• 68 The Cube of Cylinders such as Pillars: 107
• 53: 109
• 69 Area of Ellipses: 110
• 70 The Cube of Rectangular Prismoids and Frustums of Cones or Pyramids: 111
• 71 To Find the Cubic Content of Irregular Spaces: 112
• 60: 113
• METEOROLOGY: 117
• CHAPTER X: 119
• 74 The Glycerin Barometer: 120
• 75 Mercurial Barometers: 121
• 76 Reading a Mercurial Barometer: 123
• 77 Correction of Barometer Readings: 124
• 78 The Aneroid Barometer: 125
• 79 Hygrometers: 127
• CHAPTER XI: 129
• 80: 131
• 81 Measurement of Rain Rain Gauges: 133
• 82 Registration of Sunlight: 136
• 83 Wind Anemometers: 137
• WATER SUPPLY: 139
• CHAPTER XII: 141
• 86 Artesian Wells: 142
• 88 Quantity of Water per Head: 143
• 89 Catchment Areas Contour Lines Ridge Lines: 144
• 90 Rainfall in Relation to Water Supply: 145
• 91 General Principles of a Town Water Supply: 146
• 92 Water Meters: 147
• 94 Fittings for Constant Water Supply: 148
• CHAPTER XIII: 150
• 97 The New River Company: 151
• 99 The Southwark and Vauxhall Company: 152
• 101 The Grand Junction Company: 153
• 104 Summary of the London Water Supply: 154
• CHAPTER XIV: 156
• 107 Examination and Analysis of Water: 157
• 109 Microscopical and Biological Methods: 158
• 110 Qualitative Examination of Water: 161
• 111 Quantitative Chemical Examination: 163
• 112 Solutions Required for the Analysis: 164
• 113 The Operation of Weighing: 165
• 114 Relation between the Litre and the Gallon: 166
• 115 Solid Residue: 167
• 117 Chlorine: 169
• 119 Hardness: 170
• 120 Alkalinity: 171
• 122 Classification of Natural Waters and the Interpretation of a Chemical Analysis: 172
• 123 Interpretation of an Analysis: 173
• 124 Purification and Softening of Water: 175
• 177 Offensive Businesses specifically mentioned in the Public Health: 177
• DRAINSSEWERS SEWAGE DISPOSAL: 179
• CHAPTER XV: 181
• 126 Brick Drains and their Defects: 182
• 127 Varieties of Drain Pipes: 185
• 128 Fall of House Drains: 186
• 129 General Method of House Drainage: 187
• 130 Traps: 188
• 131 The Water Seal: 189
• 132 Examples of Traps: 190
• 133 Grease Traps: 192
• 135 Special Drain Tests: 193
• CHAPTER XVI: 195
• 137 The Flushing of Sewers: 196
• 138 Dead Ends of Sewers: 197
• 140 The Shape and Construction of Sewers: 198
• 141 Capacity of Sewers: 200
• 142 Steep Gradients: 201
• 144 Storage Sewage Reservoirs: 202
• 147 The Outfall of Sewers: 204
• CHAPTER XVII: 205
• 150 General Principle of the Metropolitan Sewer System: 206
• 151 Northern Interception: 207
• 152 Southern Interception: 208
• 153 Arrangements at the Main Outfalls: 211
• CHAPTER XVIII: 216
• 155 Head of Water: 219
• 156 Kutters Formula: 220
• CHAPTER XIX: 223
• 158 Chemical Processes for the Treatment of Sewage: 225
• 159 Composition of Sewage: 226
• 160 General Reactions on the addition of Lime Iron or Alumina: 227
• 162 Alumina Process: 228
• 165 Sewage Sludge: 229
• Special Systems of Sewerage 167 The Shone System: 230
• 169 The Treatment of Sewage by Electrolysis: 231
• 171 The Pail System: 232
• 172 Water Closets: 233
• 173 Soil Pipes: 236
• NUISANCES: 239
• CHAPTER XX: 241
• 175 Leading Cases as to Nuisance: 243
• 176 Nuisances under the 91st Section of the Public Health Act 1875: 244
• Sanitary Acts: 248
• 179 Fat Melting Dip Candle Making: 250
• 180 Bone Boiling: 253
• 182 Manufacture of Manure: 254
• 183 The Trade of a Fellmonger: 255
• 184 Gut Scraping Gut Spinning Preparation of Sausage Skins: 256
• 185 The Boiling of Tripe: 261
• 186 Slaughter Houses: 263
• 187 Knackers Yards: 268
• CHAPTER XXI: 271
• 189 Pig Keeping: 272
• 190 Bacon Curing: 273
• 192 Cow Keeping Dairies: 274
• 193 Dairies Cowsheds and Milkshops Order: 275
• 194 Tanning: 280
• 195 Leather Dressing: 282
• 197 Glue Making: 283
• 198 Nuisance from Fried Fish Shops: 286
• 199 Roasting of Vegetable Substances such as Malt Chicory Coffee: 287
• 201 Flax Retting: 288
• 203 The Manufacture of Paper from Esparto Grass: 289
• 206 Nuisances depending chiefly on the Production of Acrolein: 290
• 207 The Manufacture of Coal Gas: 291
• 208 The Manufacture of Sulphate of Ammonia and of Sal Ammoniac: 293
• 209 Distillation of Tar: 294
• 210 The Manufacture of Carbolic Acid: 295
• 211 The Manufacture of Alkali: 296
• 212 The Manufacture of Picric Acid and the Manufacture of Aniline and Aniline Colours: 298
• 214 The Manufacture of Salt: 299
• 215 The Manufacture of Chloride of Lime Bleaching Powder: 300
• 216 The Manufacture of Glass: 301
• 217 The Calcining of Ironstone and Tap Cinder: 302
• 221 Tin Plate Manufacture: 303
• 222 Tin Barning: 304
• Lime Burning: 305
• 227 Brick Barning: 306
• 928 Ballast Burning: 307
• 230 The Firing of Pottery: 309
• DISINFECTIONDISINFECTANTS: 311
• CHAPTER XXII: 313
• 233 Experimental Methods: 314
• 235 The Thread Method: 315
• CHAPTER XXIII: 318
• 238 Experiments with Moist Heat: 319
• 240 Explanation of the Superior Penetrating Power of Steam: 321
• 241 On the Liability to Injury of Articles Disinfected by Heat: 323
• 242 Scorching: 324
• 243 Over Drying: 326
• 244 The Fixing of Stains: 327
• 245 Melting of Fusible Substances such as Wax and Varnish: 328
• 246 Alterations in Colour and Shrinking: 329
• 247 Wetting: 330
• 248 The Different Forms of Apparatus for Disinfection by Heat: 331
• 250 Bradfords Patent Disinfecting Apparatus: 332
• 251 The Nottingham SelfRegulating Disinfecting Apparatus: 333
• CHAPTER XXIV: 334
• 254 Chlorine: 336
• 255 Iodine: 337
• 258 The Experiments of Fischer and Proskauer: 343
• 259 Iodine Trichloride: 345
• 260 Phenol Carbolic Acid: 346
• 261 Cresol Cresylic Acid: 347
• 263 Carbolic Acid Powders are Powders which should contain Free Tar Acids: 348
• 265 Experiments on the Disinfecting Action of Phenol and Cresol on Sewage: 350
• 266 Kochs Experiments on Phenol: 351
• 268 Summary of the Action of Phenol and the Cresols as Disinfectants: 352
• 271 Sulphur Dioxide Sulphurous Acid Gas: 353
• 272 Wolfhugels Researches on the Disinfecting Properties of Sulphurous Acid Gas: 354
• 228: 355
• 273 Cashs Experiments on Sulphurous Acid: 357
• 274 The Practice of Disinfection The Disinfection of the Sick Room: 358
• 275 Disinfection of House Drains and Closets: 359
• ZYMOTIC MICROPARASITIC DISEASES: 361
• CHAPTER XXV: 363
• 277 Acquired Immunity: 364
• 278 Classification of Microparasitic Diseases: 365
• CHAPTER XXVI: 366
• 280 Mortality of SmallPox: 368
• 282 The Infection of SmallPox: 369
• 283 The Duty of the Sanitary Authority and of its Medical Officer in Small Pox Outbreaks: 370
• 284 Vaccination and SmallPox: 372
• 285 Statistics: 374
• 291 Seasonal Prevalence of Scarlet Fever: 380
• 27: 381
• 294 Sequelae and complications of Scarlet Fever: 388
• 296 The Connection of Scarlatina with Disease in Milch Cows: 395
• 302 Seasonal Prevalence: 401
• Tetanus: 408
• 317 Etiology of Pneumonia Gamaléias Views: 416
• 318 Pathogenic Role of the Streptococcus Lanceolatus: 418
• 319 Streptococcus Lanceolatus in Healthy Persons: 421
• 320 Bacteriology of the Middlesborough Pneumonia Cases: 424
• 321 Preventive Measures 42: 425
• SEPTICEMIC MALADIES Erysipelas 322 Mortality from Erysipelas 426: 428
• Diphtheria 327 Mortality from Diphtheria: 429
• 329 Researches on the Bacteriology and Pathology of Diphtheria: 431
• 330 The Nature of the Diphtheritic Poison: 433
• 331 Kleins later Researches on Diphtheria: 435
• 332 The Prevention of Diphtheria: 439
• 333 Influence of Season on Septic Diseases: 440
• 334 Statistics of Puerperal Mortality: 441
• 335 Bacteriology of Septic Diseases: 442
• 337 Disinfectants in the Puerperal Condition: 443
• CHAPTER XXX: 444
• 339 The Influence of Age and Sex: 445
• 340 Probability of a Person Dying from Consumption: 448
• 341 Influence of Occupation on Tubercle Infection: 449
• 342 Influence of Soil: 450
• 343 Influence of Season on Tubercle Fatality: 451
• 345 Characteristics of the Tubercle Bacilli: 452
• 346 Artificial Cultivation of Tubercle Bacilli: 452
• 347 The Universal Presence of the Bacilli in true Tubercle: 456
• 348 Experimental and Clinical Proofs of the Contagious Nature of Tuberculosis: 457
• 349 The Production of Tubercles in Animals by Feeding them with Tubercu lous Products: 462
• 350 Unequal Susceptibility of different Animals to the Tubercular Infection: 463
• 351 Giant Cells: 464
• 352 Pathology of Tuberculosis: 465
• 354 The Pathology of Acute Miliary Tuberculosis: 475
• 355 The Relations of Scrofula Lupus and Tuberculosis: 476
• 357 Propagation of Tuberculosis from consuming the Flesh of Tuberculous Animals: 480
• 358 Disinfection of Tuberculous Products: 482
• 359 The Prevention of Tuberculosis: 485
• CHAPTER XXXI: 487
• 362 Geographical Distribution of Malarious Tracts: 488
• 364 Prevention of Malaria: 489
• CHAPTER XXXII: 490
• 366 Case Mortality of Enteric Fever: 491
• 368 Seasonal Prevalence: 492
• 369 Bacteriology of Enteric Fever: 493
• 370 Symptoms: 498
• 371 Predisposition: 500
• 373 Diagnosis of Typhoid: 503
• 375 The Ground Water Theory: 504
• 376 Propagation of Typhoid: 505
• 377 Prevention of Typhoid: 507
• 314 Epidemic Pneumonia: 508
• 379 Epidemic of 18489: 509
• 380 Epidemic of 1854: 510
• 381 The Broad Street Pump: 511
• 382 Lessons learnt from the 1849 and 1854 Epidemics: 512
• 385 The Relation of Altitude to Cholera Mortality: 514
• 387 Symptoms: 516
• 388 Postmortem Appearances: 518
• 389 Bacteriology of Asiatic Cholera: 519
• 390 The Bacillus of Finkler and Prior: 522
• 391 The Recognition of the Comma Bacillus by Chemical Tests: 523
• 393 Experiments on the Communicability of Cholera before the Discovery of the Comma Bacillus: 524
• 394 Modern Experiments on Animals with Cultivations of the Comma Bacillus: 527
• 395 Propagation of Cholera by Water and otherwise: 529
• 396 Propagation of Cholera by Clothes soiled with the Discharges: 531
• 397 Pettenkofers Theory: 532
• 399 Official Memorandum as to Prevention of Cholera: 534
• 400 Order Prohibiting Importation of Rags: 539
• 402 Symptoms: 540
• 404 Predisposition: 542
• 406 General Results of Ballards Inquiry: 543
• 407 Practical Action to be taken as Preventive of Diarrhoea: 553
• ISOLATION HOSPITALS: 555
• 408: 557
• 410 Hospital Construction: 558
• 412 Ventilation: 559
• 413 Warming: 560
• 416 Furniture: 561
• 419 The Superintendence and Management of Hospitals: 562
• 420 Duties of Nurses: 563
• 423 General Regulations: 564
• THE PRINCIPLES OF DIET: 569
• 433 Digestibility of Foods: 575
• THE DUTIES OF SANITARY OFFICERS: 585
• 438 Duties of a Port Medical Officer of Health: 597
• 444 Duties of Port Sanitary Inspector: 604
• CHAPTER XXXVI: 611
• 449 The Arlford Sausage Poisoning Case: 615
• 450 Diarrhoea from Milk or CheeseTyrotoxicon: 616
• 451 Method of Investigating Outbreaks of Diarrhoea or Illness supposed to result from Bad Food: 617
• CHAPTER XXXVIII: 620
• 455 Corn Cockle Seeds in Flour: 621
• CHAPTER XXXIX: 622
• 458 Characteristics of Good Meat: 623
• 459 The Detection of the Tubercle Bacilli: 624
• CHAPTER XL: 625
• 461 TrichinæTrichinosis: 627
• 463 Vitality of Trichine: 628
• 466 PneumoEnteritis of the Pig: 631
• 467 Swine Plague: 632
• 469 Foot and Mouth Disease: 633
• 471 Cattle Plague: 634
• 472 Tuberculosis: 635
• 474 Anthrax: 636
• 475 Charbon Symptomatique: 639

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Informacje bibliograficzne

• Tytuł: A Manual of public health
• Autor: Alexander Wynter Blyth
• Data wydania: 1890
• Liczba stron: 676