A Physician's Guide to Clinical Forensic MedicineMargaret M. Stark Table of Contents The History & Development of Clinical Forensic Medicine Worldwide: Introduction; Historical References: Late 18th Century Onwards; Contemporary Clinical Forensic Medicine; Clinical Forensic Medicine Around the World; Conclusions, Jason Payne-James. Fundamental Principles: Introduction: Ethical Principles;Consent: Requisites For Consent: Capacity, Understanding, Risks and Warnings, Voluntary Agreement; Incompetent Adult Patients; Age of Consent; Intimate Samples, Intimate Searches; Video and Audio Recordings, Recording Telephone Calls; Emergencies;Confidentiality: Death and Confidentiality; Detention and Confidentiality; Exceptions to the General Duty of Confidentiality: The Patient's Permission; The Patient's Best Interests; The Public Interest, Interest of Others,Violent or Dangerous Patients; Medical Teaching, Research and Audit; Judicial and Statutory Exceptions; Notekeeping; Access to Health Records; Preparation of Reports; Attendance at Court: Demeanor in Court; The Duties of Expert Witnesses; Pitfalls, Roy N.Palmer. Sexual Assault Examination: Introduction; Basic Principles of the Medical Examination: Immediate Care; Timing of the Examination; Place of the Examination; Consent; Details of the Allegation; Medical and Sexual History; Nature of the Examination: General Examination; Ano-Genital Examination; Ownership and Handling of Photodocumentation; Basic Principles of the Forensic Analysis: Collection of Forensic Samples; Packaging & Continuity; Analysis; Skin: Forensic Evidence: Method of Sampling; Forensic Analysis; Persistence Data; Medical Evidence; Hair - Head and Pubic: Forensic Evidence: Method of Sampling; Forensic Analysis; Persistence Data; Medical Evidence; Nails: Forensic Evidence: Method of Sampling; Forensic Analysis; Oral Cavity: Fellatio: Definition; Frequency; Legal Implications; Forensic Evidence; Medical Evidence; Cunnilingus and Anilingus: Definitions; Frequency; Legal Implications; Forensic Evidence; Medical Evidence; Female Genitalia: Frequency; Legal Implications; Anatomy; Development; Forensic Evidence: Method of Sampling; Forensic Analysis; Persistence Data; Medical Evidence: Examination Methods; Injuries; Male Genitalia: Anatomy and Physiology: Penile Size; Erections; Production of Semen; Forensic Evidence: Method of Sampling; Forensic Analysis; Persistence Data; Medical Evidence; Perianal Area and Anal Canal: Definitions; Frequency: Consensual; Non-Consensual; Legal Implications; Anatomy and Physiology: Anus; Perianal Area; Anal Canal; Rectum; Anal Sphincters and Faecal Incontinence; Forensic Evidence: Method of Sampling; Forensic Analysis; Persistence Data; Medical Evidence: Anal Fissures, Tears and Lacerations; Anal Sphincter Tone; Rectal Lacerations; Other Injuries; Lubricants; Blood and Urine Analysis: Reason For Analysis; Method of Sampling: Blood; Urine; Forensic Analysis; Care of the Complainant: Medical Treatment; Practical; Pregnancy; Sexually Transmitted Infections; Psychological, Deborah Rogers and Mary Newton. Injury Interpretation: Introduction; Describing Injuries: Nature of the Injury; Size and Shape of the Injury; Position of the Injury; Aging Injuries; Transient Lesions; Types of Injury: Bruises; Abrasions; Lacerations; Incisions; Stab Wounds; Firearm Injuries: Smooth Bore Weapon; Rifled Weapons; Shotgun Wounds; Rifled Weapon Wounds; Defense Injuries; Torture, Jack Crane. Non-Accidental Injury in Children: Introduction: Definition; Effects of Child Abuse; Risk Factors For Abuse; Extent of Abuse; Non-Accidental Injury in Children: The Role of the Physician; Assessing the Non-Accidentally Injured Child; Pointers to the Diagnosis of NAI; Types of Injuries in NAI: Soft Tissue Injuries: Bruising; Bite Marks; Other Soft Tissue Injuries; Thermal Injury: Types of Thermal Injury; Features of Thermal Injuries Suggestive of NAI; Differential Diagnosis of Thermal Injuries; Good Practice Tips; Skeletal Injury: Dating Fractures; Differential Diagnosis of Skeletal Injury; Internal Injuries: IntraCranial Injury; Abdominal Injuries; Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy; Summary, Amanda Thomas. Crowd Control Agents: Introduction; Clinical Features and Treatment: Oleum Capsicum; Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile and Chloracetophenone; Conclusions, Kari Blaho. Care of Detainees: Introduction; Administration of Medicine; Conditions of Detention; Medical Problems: Epilepsy; Asthma; Diabetes; Heart Disease; Sickle Cell Disease; General Injuries; Head Injuries; Infectious Diseases; Mental Health: General Psychiatric Problems; Substance Misuse and Mental Illness; Deliberate Self Harm; Claustrophobia; Personal Safety Issues; Drug Searches; Forensic Samples; Fitness To Be Interviewed: Introduction; Police Interview Techniques; False Confessions: Why Make a False Confession?; Voluntary False Confessions; Accommodating-Compliant False Confessions; Coerced-Compliant False Confessions; Coerced-Internalised False Confessions; Suggestibility and Compliance; Preventing False Confessions; A Definition of Fit For Review: Scheme of Examination: The History; The Examination; Alcohol and Fitness For Interview; Substance Misuse and Fitness For Interview; The Impact of Psychiatric Illnesses; Learning Difficulties; The Effect of Physical Illnesses on Fitness For Interview: Epilepsy; Head Injury; Migraine; Hypothyroidism; Diabetes Mellitus; Dementia, Guy Norfolk and Margaret M. Stark. Substance Misuse: Introduction; General Principles: History and Examination; Harm Minimization; Prescribing; Medical Complications of Substance Misuse; Specific Drugs: Opiate Intoxication and Withdrawal: Treatment of Opiate Withdrawal; Buprenorphine (Buprenex, Temgesic); Naloxone; Benzodiazepines; Barbiturates; Solvents; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Phencyclidine; Ecstasy; Cocaine and "Crack"; Amphetamine; Khat; Marijuana; Anabolic Steroids; Other "Body Building" Drugs; Gamma-Hydroxy Butyrate; Ketamine; Alkyl Nitrites; Alcohol: The Metabolism of Alcohol: Sex and Weight; The Duration of Drinking; The Nature of the Drink Consumed; Food in the Stomach; Physiological Factors and Genetic Variation; Drugs; The Rate of Elimination; The Effects of Alcohol: Nystagmus; Pupillary Changes; Slurred Speech; Cardiovascular Effects; Metabolic Effects; Death from Alcohol Poisoning; The Diagnosis of Intoxication; Alcohol Dependence; Alcohol Withdrawal: Uncomplicated Alcohol Withdrawal; Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Complications of Alcohol Withdrawal, Margaret M. Stark and Guy Norfolk. Deaths in Custody: Introduction; Definition; Statistics; Investigation of Deaths in Custody: Legal Framework; Protocol; Terminology; Deaths Related to the Phases of the Custodial Process; Causes of Death: Natural Causes: Cardiovascular Disease; Central Nervous System; Endocrine; Other Causes; Conclusion; Accidental Trauma; Alcohol and Drug Related Deaths: Alcohol; Drugs; Deliberate Injuries: Baton Blows; Neck Holds; Homicide; Self Inflicted Injuries: Hanging; Ligature Strangulation; Incised Injuries; Drugs; Excited Delirium: Definition; Features; Rapid Unexplained Deaths During Restraint, Richard Shepherd. Traffic Medicine: Introduction; Medical Aspects of Fitness to Drive: Cardiovascular Diseases; Epilepsy; Diabetes; Vision and Eye Disorders; Ethical Considerations; Alcohol and Driving: Metabolism of Alcohol; The Effects of Alcohol on Performance; UK Road Traffic Legislation; Equivalent Limits in Other Body Fluids; Legal Limits in Other Jurisdictions; Drink-Drive Countermeasures; The UK Road Traffic Act Drink-Drive Procedure; Complex Defenses: Failure to Provide a Sample of Breath; Failure to Provide a Sample of Blood; Failure to Provide a Sample of Urine; Alcohol Levels After Death; Drugs and Driving: The Problem; The Scale of the Problem; The Effects of Different Drugs; Assessment in the Field By Police; Medical Examination Under Section 4 RTA, Ian F. Wall. |
