Affluence and Poverty in the Middle EastThis text explores the causes and consequences of the persistent poverty and extreme inequality that have characterized the Middle East. Using extensive empirical evidence the author helps us to understand the impact of co-existing affluence and poverty. |
Contents
Introduction | 1 |
Basic concepts and realities | 11 |
Historical origins | 29 |
the natural resource base | 54 |
6 | 89 |
Inequality in private consumption | 124 |
9 | 151 |
distributional impact | 172 |
11 | 198 |
in eight adjusting countries 197593 | 207 |
Notes | 231 |
Bibliography | 261 |
283 | |
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Common terms and phrases
adjustment programme affluence agriculture Algeria annual Arab average Bahrain Cairo cent of total Chapter colonial consumption corruption developing countries economic growth economic reforms Egypt ESCWA estimates example export foreign debt funds Gulf health and education hectares household Human Development illiteracy income distribution income per person increased indicators Institute International investment Iran Iraq irrigation Islamic Israel Jordan Kuwait labour land reform Lebanon Libya M. R. El-Ghonemy Mauritania ment Middle East Middle Eastern countries military spending million Ministry of Planning Morocco national income nearly NGOs nutrition oil-rich Oxford payments percentage period political poor poorest population poverty line primary production reduced region rich Saudi Arabia sector share social imbalance social security sources Statistical Yearbook Sudan surveys Syria tion Tunisia Turkey unemployment United Nations urban wages workforce World Bank World Development Report Yemen