Agriculture and Food Supply in France During the War: Agriculture, Volume 2 |
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acres administrative adopted agriculturists Army arrêté August authorized average barley butter cattle cent centimes cereals cheese circular civil population Commerce Commissariat Committee commodities condensed milk consumer consumption cost of production crops cultivation decree difficulties distribution dried vegetables economic effect farm farmers February fixed prices fixed the price flour Food Department Food Minister food supply foodstuffs francs French agriculture G. D. H. Cole Government grams Gruyère cheese haricot beans hectoliter imports increase industry kilos land maize manufacture maximum price measures meat ment military milk million Ministry Ministry of Food months oats October organization potatoes prefects price of bread Professor Dr profit prohibited purchase quantities ration reduced regards regions regulations requisition restored restrictions retail rise of prices saccharine secure stocks sugar Sugar-beet sumer tariff tillage tion tons trade transport Vilgrain wages wheat wholesale wine
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Page viii - This in turn involved a new attitude toward those two ideals which historians have sought to emphasize, consistency and objectivity. In order to bring out the chief contribution of each writer it was impossible to keep within narrowly logical outlines; facts would have to be repeated in different settings and seen from different angles, and sections included which do not lie within the strict limits of history ; and absolute objectivity could not be obtained in every part. Under the stress of controversy...
Page viii - ... few government officials can be found with sufficient courage or initiative to break open the seal. Thus vast masses of source material essential for the historian were effectively placed beyond his reach, although much of it was quite harmless from any point of view. While war conditions thus continued to hamper research, and were likely to do so for many years to come, some alternative had to be found. Fortunately such an alternative was at hand in the narrative, amply supported by documentary...
Page v - EDITOR'S PREFACE IN the autumn of 1914 when the scientific study of the effects of war upon modern life passed suddenly from theory to history, the Division of Economics and History of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace proposed to adjust the programme of its researches to the new and altered problems which the War presented.
Page ix - ... objectivity could not be obtained in every part, Under the stress of controversy or apology, partial views would here and there find their expression. But these views are in some instances an intrinsic part of the history itself, contemporary measurements of facts as significant as the facts with which they deal. Moreover, the work as a whole is planned to furnish its own corrective; and where it does not, others will.
Page vi - In the first place a final conference of the Advisory Board of Economists of the Division of Economics and History was held in Paris, which limited itself to planning a series of short preliminary surveys of special fields. Since, however, the purely preliminary character of such studies was further emphasized by the fact that they were directed more especially towards those problems which were then fronting Europe as questions of urgency, it was considered best not to treat them as part of the general...
Page ix - In addition to this monographic treatment of source material, a number of studies by specialists is already in preparation, dealing with technical or limited subjects, historical or statistical. These monographs also partake to some extent of the nature of first-hand material, registering as they do the data of history close enough to the source to permit verification in ways impossible later. But they also belong to that constructive process by which history passes from analysis to synthesis. The...