An Encyclopedia of Shamanism Volume 2Shamanism can be defined as the practice of initiated shamans who are distinguished by their mastery of a range of altered states of consciousness. Shamanism arises from the actions the shaman takes in non-ordinary reality and the results of those actions in ordinary reality. It is not a religion, yet it demands spiritual discipline and personal sacrifice from the mature shaman who seeks the highest stages of mystical development. |
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ABC-CLIO ability altered angakok ayahuasca Baiami berdache body bompo called ceremony chanting Christian Rätsch connection consciousness created cultures cure dance death dingaka divination dreams Dreamtime drum ecstatic embodiment ence Encyclopedia of Native energy enter trance entheogen example gender hallucinogens healers healing ritual helping spirits human illness indigenous individual induce initiation Irvington Pub journey lost soul Lowerworld Lyon magical malevolent masks master medicine midewiwin monies of North mushrooms Native American Shamanism nature non-ordinary reality North America ogham Ojibwa ordinary reality paq'o patient peak experiences perform peyote physical plant hallucinogens power objects practice psychopomp Q'ero R. I. Shamans realms rune Saami Sacred Cere sacrifice sangoma Santa Barbara shaman's power shamanic healing Shambhala Publications shapeshifting Shuar singing Society songs sorcerer soul loss soul retrieval spir spirit world symbolic Tamang Techniques of Ecstasy tion traditional trance transformed shamans Tree tsentsak Tungus twasa Upperworld uwishin vision quest yopo York Zulu