An Introduction to Atmospheric Gravity Waves, Volume 102

C. J. Nappo

Academic Press, Aug 26, 2002 - Mathematics - 276 pages

Gravity waves exist in all types of geophysical fluids, such as lakes, oceans, and atmospheres. They play an important role in redistributing energy at disturbances, such as mountains or seamounts and they are routinely studied in meteorology and oceanography, particularly simulation models, atmospheric weather models, turbulence, air pollution, and climate research.

An Introduction to Atmospheric Gravity Waves provides readers with a working background of the fundamental physics and mathematics of gravity waves, and introduces a wide variety of applications and numerous recent advances. Nappo provides a concise volume on gravity waves with a lucid discussion of current observational techniques and instrumentation.

Foreword is written by Prof. George Chimonas, a renowned expert on the interactions of gravity waves with turbulence.

CD containing real data, computer codes for data analysis and linear gravity wave models included with the text

Contents

• FOREWORD: xv
• PREFACE: xvii
• I: 1
• SOME WAVE MECHANICS: 6
• FRAMES OF REFERENCE: 9
• WAVE PHASE AND WAVE SPEED: 10
• GROUP VELOCITY: 14
• WAVE DISPERSION: 17
• THE BOUSSINESQ APPROXIMATION: 22
• THE TAYLORGOLDSTEIN EQUATION: 26
• A SIMPLE SOLUTION: 31
• CONSTANT BACKGROUND WIND SPEED: 37
• THE WKB METHOD: 39
• ENERGETICS: 40
• II: 47
• UNIFORM FLOW OVER A SURFACE CORRUGATION: 51
• PHASE SPEED AND GROUP VELOCITY OVER A SURFACE CORRUGATION: 56
• ENERGY FLUX OVER A SURFACE CORRUGATION: 58
• THE TWODIMENSIONAL RIDGE: 59
• THE THREEDIMENSIONAL MOUNTAIN: 66
• GRAV1TY WAVE DRAG: 71
• MATHEMATICAL DERIVATION: 72
• THE VARIATION OF WAVE STRESS WITH HEIGHT: 74
• WAVE STRESS OVER A SURFACE CORRUGATION: 76
• WAVE STRESS OVER AN ISOLATED RIDGE: 77
• SECONDARY EFFECTS OF TERRAININDUCED WAVE DRAG: 80
• WAVE REFLECTION AT AN ELEVATED LAYER: 86
• WAVE TRAPPING ENERGY FLUX AND WAVE RESONANCE: 91
• REFLECTION AT THE GROUND SURFACE: 94
• WAVE DUCTS: 98
• THE WIND DUCT: 101
• WIND SPIRALS AND DUCTS: 107
• III: 111
• WAVE ACTION: 112
• IV: 125
• SHEAR INSTABILITY AND UNSTABLE MODES: 129
• KELVINHELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY: 130
• THE STABIL1TY OF SHEAR FLOWS: 136
• WAVEMODULATED RICHARDSON NUMBER: 141
• WAVETURBULENCE COUPLING: 144
• JEFFERYS ROLLWAVE INSTABILITY MECHANISM: 149
• WAVE SATURATION AND WAVE BREAKING: 156
• SATURATION PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES: 162
• ANALOG PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES: 169
• SATURATION LIMITS AND OTHER PROBLEMS: 177
• SINGLESTATION OBSERVATIONS: 182
• FREEBALLOON SOUNDINGS: 183
• 3 REMOTE SENSORS: 185
• MULTIPLE STATION OBSERVATIONS: 192
• PRESSURE PERTURBATION MEASUREMENTS: 194
• BALLOONS AIRCRAFT AIRGLOW AND SATELLITES: 203
• AIRCRAFT: 204
• AIRGLOW: 205
• SATELLITES: 206
• DATA ANALYS1S: 210
• PRESSUREWIND CORRELATION: 211
• LAG ANALYSIS: 214
• BEAMSTEERING: 217
• WAVELET ANALYSIS: 221
• NUMERICAL MODELS: 227
• TERRAINGENERATED GRAVITY WAVE: 229
• DUCTED GRAVITY WAVES: 233
• V: 237
• THE SCALE HEIGHT OF THE ISOTHERMAL ATMOSPHERE: 238
• BOUSSINESQ RELATIONS: 239
• A6 THE GEOSTROPHIC WIND: 240
• VI: 245
• B2 FORTRAN CODES: 246
• RIDGE_CFOR AND RIDGEJXFOR: 247
• WIND JUCT_SCANFOR AND WIND_DUCT_MODESFOR: 248
• SYNTHETIC WAVE DATA: 249
• BIBLIOGRAPHY: 251
• INDEX: 263

About the author

Carmen Nappo received his Ph.D. in Geophysical Sciences from The Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA. His research topic was gravity-wave stress over topography in the planetary boundary layer. His professional career began in 1968 at the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ. where he performed diagnostic studies and evaluations of global-scale atmospheric models. In 1971, he transferred to the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division, in Oak Ridge, TN where we worked until retiring in 2005. In 1994, Dr. Nappo received the American Meteorological Society's Editors Award for his reviews for the Journal of Applied Meteorology and in 2006 he received the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Distinguished Career Award. Dr. Nappo has published over 100 scientific papers, seven book chapters, and helped organize international scientific workshops and symposia. He has been a guest scientist and lecturer at universities and institutions in Australia, Germany, South Korea, Sweden, The Netherlands, Turkey, and the USA. Dr. Nappo resides in Knoxville, Tennessee with his wife Joan MacReynolds and their cat Lily.

Bibliographic information

• Title: An Introduction to Atmospheric Gravity Waves, Volume 102; An Introduction to Atmospheric Gravity Waves; International Geophysics, ISSN 0074-6142
• Author: C. J. Nappo
• Edition: illustrated
• Publisher: Academic Press, 2002
• ISBN: 0125140827, 9780125140829
• Length: 276 pages
• Subjects: Mathematics / Applied; Science / Earth Sciences / General; Science / Earth Sciences / Meteorology & Climatology; Science / Mechanics / Fluids; Science / Physics / General; Science / Physics / Geophysics; Science / Physics / Gravity; Science / Waves & Wave Mechanics; Sports & Recreation / Business Aspects; Technology & Engineering / Hydraulics