Analogy and the Scope of Its Application in LanguageUniversity of Cambridge, Mass., Printed by] J. Wilson and son : University Press, 1887 - Language and languages - 50 pages |
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Common terms and phrases
ablaut action of analogy adjective anomalous aorist application Attic basis beside Braune's Beiträge Brugmann classification compounds consonant Curtius Curtius's Studien dative declension derived dialect diversity elements Engl English entirely explanation expression extended folk-etymologies Form suggests formation function gender genitive Germ German Germanic languages Greek illustration Indo-European inflectional inflectional system influence isolated Ital Junggrammatische königl Kuhn's Zeitschr language Latin laws of sound levelling linguistic material method modification of form modification of idea Morphologische Untersuchungen neo-grammarian nominative nouns o-stems oblique older forms originally Osthoff participle Paul und Braune's phonetic development phonetic laws plur plural present preter preterite Principien der Sprachgeschichte principle pron pronunciation psychological reduplicating relation of signification resemblance of form Romance Romance languages Sanskrit similar singular spiritus asper stem subjunctive suffix suggests a Possible syllable Syntax tendency tense tion Ueber umlaut verbs Verbum vowel vulgar Latin words
Popular passages
Page 20 - Osthoff, Morph. Unters., II. 35. V. Likeness of Signification and Partial Likeness of Form. — Words whose stems have a like signification and are similar but not like in form are grouped together upon the basis both of meaning and form, and a levelling of the form of the stems is the result. This is the most widely extended and most generally recognized of the methods of word-grouping, and corresponds to Paul's category of the " stoffliche Ansgleichungen" To it is chiefly due the unity and so-called...
Page 9 - No instance of this kind in Semitic has occurred to me. II. Affinity of Signification and Diversity of Form. Words totally dissimilar in form, but expressing ideas of like category, are made to approximate slightly in form through the extended application of some sign of category or through the extended use of some element or combination of elements of sound which has come to be recognized as characteristic of a group. As an illustration of this kind of analogy the following has occurred to me :...
Page 13 - The action of analogy in this entire class of cases tends toward the unification of the grammatical system and the simplification of the mechanism of speech, or what we may designate as the articulating mechanism of speech.
Page 19 - Fr. femelle), which has assumed the easy yoke of male. The related or contrasted signification tends to change the similarity of form existing in some part of the related words into an accord of form. It is here the evident tendency of language to associate the contrast in signification with...
Page 24 - Assyrian plural it&ti for id&ti, from i((u, which stands for idtu? the feminine of idu, hand. B. Levelling between the different forms for person and number in the same tense of the verb. Analogical influence of this kind is very conspicuous in the inflection of the perfect of the Semitic verb. The original paradigm probably was as follows, in the singular :* qatal a.
Page 8 - Wheeler thus classifies the phenomena of analogy : I. Likeness of Signification and Diversity of Form. Two words entirely diverse in form, but which are capable of application to one and the same object or idea, may, through the influence of this limited likeness of signification, be confused into one word by the process known as
Page 5 - TIljUJ the older rips disappeared from the IonicAttic dialect. The products of analogy, however, do not necessarily displace the older forms ; thus Germ. gediegen survives, in a special use, beside the new gediehen. In all linguistic investigation the most rigid discrimination between the operation...
Page 5 - ... psychological laws, being based upon universal principles of the human mind, are of universal application, and their action in the particular case is determined solely by the relations existing in the storehouse of memory between the various word-pictures or sentence-pictures. Again, a given law of sound has application to the entire like-conditioned material of a given language, whereas the intervention of a possible analogy is never necessary. Thirdly, the operation of the laws of sound is...
Page 37 - ... tend to disrupt, and the creation of new groups. It aims to eliminate purposeless variety." To this must be added the important statement on page 37 of the same work : " The formation of new groups very commonly appears as a readjustment of old groups. Changes in the character and use of the phonetic material of a language often cause a form or number of forms to be severed from one group and attached to another.
Page 40 - Vor allem durchdringt das ganze Sprachleben die Macht der Analogie. Die Sprache hat ein Gefühl für die Zusammengehörigkeit der verwandten Formen ; eine jede von diesen wirkt auf die andere ein, und es giebt ein unverkennbares Streben sie einander ähnlich, ja gleich zu machen, kleine aus den individuellen Bedingungen hervorgegangene Verschiedenheiten auszugleichen...