Ancient Architecture of the SouthwestDuring more than a thousand years before Europeans arrived in 1540, the native peoples of what is now the southwestern United States and northern Mexico developed an architecture of rich diversity and beauty that harmonized well with the sweeping landscapes of mountains and deserts in which they lived. Vestiges of thousands of these dwellings and villages still remain, in locations ranging from Colorado in the north to Chihuahua in the south and from Nevada in the west to eastern New Mexico - a geographical area of some 300,000 square miles. This study presents the most comprehensive architectural survey of the region currently available. Professionally rendered drawings comparatively analyze 132 sites by means of standardized 100-foot grids with uniform orientations. Reconstructed plans with shadows representing vertical heights suggest the original appearances of many structures that are now in ruins or no longer exist, while concise texts place them in context. Organized in five chronological sections, the book examines architectural evolution from humble pit houses to sophisticated, multistory pueblos. The sections explore concurrent Mogollon, Hohokam, and Anasazi developments, as well as those in the Salado, Sinagua, Virgin River, Kayenta, and other areas, and compare their architecture to contemporary developments in parts of eastern North America and Mesoamerica. The book concludes with a discussion of changes in Native American architecture in response to European influences. Written for a general audience, the book holds obvious appeal for all students of native Southwestern cultures, as well as for everyone interested in origins in architecture. In particular, it should encourage younger Native American architects to value their rich cultural heritage and to respond as creatively to the challenges of the future as their ancestors did to those of the past. |
Contents
CONTENTS | vii |
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | ix |
INTRODUCTION | xiii |
EARLY SETTLEMENTS | xviii |
Mogollon | 27 |
Hohokam | 37 |
Pueblo del Arroyo | 51 |
Casa Chiquita | 57 |
Mogollon | 160 |
Paquimé | 167 |
Hohokam | 173 |
Salado | 183 |
Zuni Anasazi | 192 |
Zuni | 238 |
Hopi | 245 |
OVERVIEW | 265 |
Northern San Juan Anasazi | 78 |
Northern San Juan Anasazi 78 | 129 |
San Juan Anasazi | 139 |
Crumbled House | 145 |
TO 1540 | 154 |
PRONUNCIATION GUIDE | 271 |
| 287 | |
| 294 | |
| 297 | |
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Common terms and phrases
abandoned Acoma adobe Anasazi ancient appears architectural Arizona Awatovi building built Casa Casa Malpais cave centimeters century ceremonial Chaco Canyon Chacoan chambers Chetro Ketl circular cliff dwelling compound consists construction contains courtyard Creek diameter east enclosing excavated floor Gila ground-floor rooms Hohokam Hopi inches Kayenta kilometers kiva located masonry walls measures mesa top Mesa Verde Mexico miles Mimbres Mindeleff Mogollon Muertos multistory northeast northwest occupied Paquimé Pecos perhaps perimeter Pescado pit houses platform mound possibly prehistoric probably Pueblo Alto Pueblo Bonito reconstruction presented rectangular Ridge River roof hatches room block roughly ruins Salado San Juan Basin sandstone Sapawe sea level settlements Sinagua Snaketown southeast Southwest Spanish square feet square meters stone storage store rooms stories high structed structure subterranean surface rooms terraces ters tion Tonto Tree-ring dates Tsin Kletzin typical village Zuni pueblos Zuni River