Ancient Mediterranean SacrificeJennifer Wright Knust, Zsuzsanna Varhelyi Examining the diverse religious texts and practices of the late Hellenistic and Roman periods, this collection of essays investigates the many meanings and functions of ritual sacrifice in the ancient world. The essays survey sacrificial acts, ancient theories, and literary as well as artistic depictions of sacrifice, showing that any attempt to identify a single underlying significance of sacrifice is futile. Sacrifice cannot be defined merely as a primal expression of violence, despite the frequent equation of sacrifice to religion and sacrifice to violence in many modern scholarly works; nor is it sufficient to argue that all sacrifice can be explained by guilt, by the need to prepare and distribute animal flesh, or by the communal function of both the sacrificial ritual and the meal. As the authors of these essays demonstrate, sacrifice may be invested with all of these meanings, or none of them. The killing of the animal, for example, may take place offstage rather than in sight, and the practical, day-to-day routine of plant and animal offerings may have been invested with meaning, too. Yet sacrificial acts, or discourses about these acts, did offer an important site of contestation for many ancient writers, even when the religions they were defending no longer participated in sacrifice. Negotiations over the meaning of sacrifice remained central to the competitive machinations of the literate elite, and their sophisticated theological arguments did not so much undermine sacrificial practice as continue to assume its essential validity. Ancient Mediterranean Sacrifice offers new insight into the connections and differences among the Greek and Roman, Jewish and Christian religions. |
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Abst according actions activity altar ancient animal sacrifice Antiquity approach argued argument associated authors biblical blood Cambridge century chapter Christian civic claim concerning context critique cult cultural death developed discourse discussion distinction divine early eating edited emperor empire evidence example exchange fact function Girard gods Greek groups human sacrifice idea identity images imperial important interpretation involved Israelite Italy Jesus Jewish Jews killing late later literate Literature Martyrs meaning Mishnah murder narrative nature noted offering Oxford Pagan participants particular passing performed period philosophers political Porphyry position practice present priest Purity question reference regarding rejection relationship religion religious René Girard rites ritual Roman Rome sacred scholars slaughter social sources specific story Studies suggests symbolic Temple texts theology theory tion traditional translation understanding University Press violence vols writings York