Approaches to Second Language AcquisitionIn this book the authors address five central problems in the study of second language acquisition: transfer, staged development, cross-learner systematicity, incompleteness and variability. The book begins with a definition of each of these areas and an indication of why they are important for understanding SLA. In Chapters 2-4 attempts to explain these phenomena via early linguistic, sociolinguistic, and cognitive approaches are examined. It is argued that they all fail because they attach insufficient importance to the nature of language. In Chapters 5-9 the central problems are approached from the perspective of Universal Grammar and parametric variation: it is considered that this approach provides greater insights into transfer, staged development, cross-learner systematicity and into some aspects of completeness, but that it has difficulty accounting for variability. Variability, it is then argued in Chapters 10-13, is more attributable to factors related to language use and language processing. The most important of these are: the learner's need to develop hypotheses from data where Universal Grammar may not be accessible or applicable; the learner's need to transform linguistic knowledge into the productions required for language processing in real-time; and the learner's need to communicate effectively with an incomplete linguistic system. The variability observed in second language learners who began learning after the age of seven is attributed to the use of multiple knowledge sources and the different kinds of productions which may underlie second language use. The strands making up this argument are then brought together in Chapter 14 in a single model and indications of further directions for research are provided. |
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Contents
The Observable Phenomena of Second Language | 7 |
Early Linguistic Approaches to Explaining the Observable | 17 |
Sociolinguistic Approaches to Explaining the Observable | 33 |
Cognitive Approaches to Explaining the Observable | 45 |
The Approach to Second Language Acquisition Based | 57 |
Parametric Variation and Transfer in Second Language | 74 |
Parametric Variation and Incompleteness in Second | 110 |
Parametric Variation Staged Development and Cross | 129 |
Explanations of Variability | 153 |
Hypothesis Creation and Revision | 174 |
The Development of Language Processing | 201 |
Approaches to Learner Strategies | 226 |
Towards a Model of Second Language Acquisition | 245 |
| 267 | |
| 277 | |
Parametric Variation Variability and the Limits of | 142 |
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Approaches to second language acquisition Richard Towell,Roger Hawkins,Roger D. Hawkins Snippet view - 1994 |
Common terms and phrases
acquire adverb allow Anderson appear argued automatised behaviour beignets Bialystok Chapter child Clahsen classroom competence complement complementiser construction context Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis D-structure declarative knowledge declarative memory developmental Ellis embedded clauses example explicit instruction exposure forms formulaic language generalisation hypotheses incompleteness inflected initially input interaction internal Karmiloff-Smith kind Kino gegangen Krashen L2 English L2 French L2 grammars L2 learners language faculty learned linguistic knowledge learners of L2 lexical mental representation morphemes native speakers null subject null subject languages obligatory subject parameter settings parameter values placement positive evidence possible preposition stranding preverbal principles and parameters problem procedural procedural knowledge procedural memory proceduralised properties question Raupach root clauses Second Language Acquisition sentences short-term memory Spanish specifier speech staged development strategies structure subgoal subject languages suggests target language Tarone task theory transfer Tsimpli Universal Grammar utterances variability verb
Bibliographic information
| Title | Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Approaches to Second Language Acquisition Multilingual matters |
| Authors | Richard Towell, Roger D. Hawkins |
| Edition | illustrated |
| Publisher | Multilingual Matters, 1994 |
| ISBN | 185359234X, 9781853592348 |
| Length | 280 pages |
| Subjects | › › Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / General |
| Export Citation | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |