Capital, Coercion, and Crime: Bossism in the PhilippinesThis book focuses on local bossism, a common political phenomenon where local power brokers achieve monopolistic control over an area's coercive and economic resources. Examples of bossism include Old Corruption in eighteenth-century England, urban political machines in the United States, caciques in Latin America, the Mafia in Southern Italy, and today's gangster politicians in such countries as India, Russia, and Thailand. For many years, the entrenchment of numerous provincial warlords and political clans has made the Philippines a striking case of local bossism. Yet writings on Filipino political culture and patron-client relations have ignored the role of coercion in shaping electoral competition and social relations. Portrayals of a "weak state" captured by a landed oligarchy have similarly neglected the enduring institutional legacies of American colonial rule and the importance of state resources for the accumulation of wealth and power in the Philippines. The author, by contrast, argues that the roots of bossism in the Philippines lie in the inauguration of formal democratic institutions at a relatively early stage of capitalist development. Poverty and insecurity leave many voters vulnerable to clientelist, coercive, and financial pressure, and the state's central role in capital accumulation provides the basis for local bosses' economic empires and political machines. These contradictions have encouraged bossism in the Philippines, as well as in other countries. The book elaborates these arguments through case studies of bosses in two Philippine provinces, Cavite and Cebu. The contrast between single-generation gangster politicians in Cavite and enduring commercial dynasties in Cebu reveals variation in the forms of bossism that reflect variations in the local political economies of the two provinces. Comparisons between bosses over successive historical periods highlight the gradual transformation of bossism through capitalist development. In sum, Capital, Coercion, and Crime provides a comparative historical analysis of bossism, drawing conclusions of great interest not only to scholars of Southeast Asia but to students of comparative politics as well. |
Contents
Bossism and State Formation | 1 |
The Provincial Warlords | 51 |
The SmallTown Dynasties of Cebu | 81 |
The DistrictLevel Dynasties of Cebu ΙΟΙ | 101 |
Bossism in Comparative Perspective | 140 |
Other editions - View all
Capital, Coercion, and Crime: Bossism in the Philippines John Thayer Sidel No preview available - 1999 |
Common terms and phrases
1st district Abines Aguinaldo archipelago bailiwicks Bantayan barangay bossism Bureau capital accumulation Carmona Casal Cavite and Cebu Cavite City Cavite town Cavite's Cebu City Cebu Province Cebu's Chinese mestizo clan coconut coercive colonial Commission on Elections Company congressional Cuenco Daily Mirror Danao City Development Durano dynasties economic electoral élite entrenched Escario estates example Filipino fishing franchise hectares illegal industrial Justiniano Justiniano Montano land landholdings landowners longtime Manila Chronicle Manila-based Manuel Marcos Marcos's mayorship mestizo Metro Manila Mojares monopoly Montano moreover municipal mayors muro-ami Nacionalista November patron-client patrons pesos Philippine Daily Inquirer Philippines Free Press police political machine politicians postwar President protégés provincial board provincial bosses provincial governor Quezon Ramon real-estate reelection Regional Trial Court Remulla Senate September Sergio Osmeña Sergio Osmeña Sr small-town bosses smuggling Southeast Asia Spanish sugar Sun-Star Daily tion town mayors urban versus violence Visayas vote-buying votes