Clinical Epidemiology & Evidence-Based Medicine: Fundamental Principles of Clinical Reasoning & Research"The presentation is consistently excellent. One, the writing is lucid and organized in a way that should be very natural for the clinical reader. Two, the text requires no background in mathematics and uses a minimum of symbols. And, three, the methodological concepts and clinical issues are well integrated through a number of carefully prepared and comprehensive examples." Greg Samsa, Associate Director, Duke Center for Clinical Health Policy Research If a patient is older or younger than, sicker or healthier than, taller or shorter than or simply different from the subjects of a study, do the results pertain? Clinical Epidemiology & Evidence-based Medicine is a resource for all health-care workers involved in applying evidence to the care of their patients. Using clinical examples and citing liberally from the peer-reviewed literature, the book shows how statistical principles can improve medical decisions. Plus, as Katz shows how probability, risk and alternatives are fundamental considerations in all clinical decisions, he demonstrates the intuitive basis for using clinical epidemiolgy as a science underlying medical decisions. After reading this text, the practitioner should be better able to access, interpret, and apply evidence to patient care as well as better understand and control the process of medical decision making. |
Contents
PopulationBased Data | 5 |
Disease Probability Test | 13 |
Predictive | 45 |
Implications of Bayes Theorem for Diagnostic Testing | 60 |
The Art and Science | 69 |
31 | 87 |
Measuring and Conveying Risk | 91 |
3333 | 97 |
50 | 183 |
Section III | 199 |
Diagnosis | 211 |
Management | 219 |
Getting at the Evidence | 225 |
Considering Cost In Clinical Practice | 249 |
Clinically Useful Measures Derived | 257 |
| 279 | |
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Common terms and phrases
absolute risk alternative applied assessed atrial fibrillation benefit bias blood pressure cardiogram case-control study causality cell Chapter characteristics clinical decision clinical practice clinical trial clinician cohort study compared confounding considered cost cost-effectiveness cutoff point decision analysis detect diagnostic test difference drug epidemiology evidence Evidence-Based Medicine example exposure false-negative false-negative error harm hypothesis testing individual patient interpretation intervention ischemia JAMA lung cancer mean measure medical literature Medicine Working Group MEDLINE MeSH terms meta-analysis methods myocardial infarction negative predictive value negative test results normal distribution null hypothesis outcome effect particular performance placebo population positive test result posterior probability potential predictive value prevalence prior probability probability of disease publication bias PubMed quantitative random rejection region reliability requires risk factors risk ratio sample scenario screening sensitivity specificity statistical significance subjects therapy thrombolysis tion treatment effect true true-positives Users utility validity variable variation