Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

Timothy Crowe

Butterworth-Heinemann, Apr 13, 2000 - Social Science - 333 pages

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, Second Edition is a vital book for anyone involved in architectural design, space management, and urban planning. The concepts presented in this book explain the link between design and human behavior. Understanding this link can enable a planner to use natural environmental factors to minimize loss and crime and to maximize productivity.

This practical guide addresses several environmental settings, including major event facilities, small retail establishments, downtown streets, residential areas, and playgrounds. A one-stop resource with explanations of criminal behavior and the historical aspects of design, it teaches both the novice and the expert in crime prevention how to use the environment to affect human behavior in a positive manner.

• Fully updated with substantial new material in each chapter
• Useful illustrations describe the design and layout concepts in an easy to understand manner
• Written by a well-qualified author in the field of crime prevention

What people are saying

User Review -

I must admit that the author here has taken on a daunting task. Trying to bring together the concept of crime prevention from the public sector and security and risk management from the private sector. Although some may not see it as useful I would have preferred a more thorough review of the CPTED history as there are elements that were introduced by Oscar Newman (an architect) that I feel were valuable to the overall concept. "Architecture can create human encounters and can create the avoidance of human encounters." When reviewing the design of many multi residential buildings today builders still opt for the more money approach as opposed to the safer approach of clusters of apartments.
The other issue is Dr. Jeffery's simple but true concept of the things that we can control regarding criminal conduct. Motive, opportunity, and risk to the offender. We, of course cannot control the history of the offender nor, as we have learned the mental state of the offender. Mr. Crowe does address these issues but in an indirect. To his credit he does take on the lack of interest of the government of putting resources into these efforts where they would do the most good.
Overall I think this is a really good update on the the CPTED and its policy implications. His ideas on the fallacies of our current efforts of preventing and suppressing crime being totally ineffective are right on point. I would recommend this book highly to anyone interested in learning the basics of how some crime can actually be prevented.
William A. Formby, PhD
Associate Professor Of Criminal Justice
Concordia College Alabama
Associate Professor of Criminal Justice (emeritus)
The University of Alabama 

Contents

• Introduction to CPTED: 1
• ASKING THE RIGHT QUESTIONS: 2
• THE NEED FOR CPTED: 3
• COMPETING CRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES: 4
• CPTED AND CONTEMPORARY PLANNING MODELS: 6
• CPTED WORLDWIDE: 7
• RESULTS OF CPTED: 9
• SCOPE AND CONTENT: 10
• Crime and Loss Prevention: 13
• CRIME: 14
• LEVELS OF CRIME: 16
• EXPLANATIONS OF CRIME: 18
• IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC ACTION: 20
• CONTEMPORARY CRIME PREVENTION AND INTERAGENCY CONCEPTS: 21
• CRIMINAL JUSTICE A MISPERCEIVED CONCEPT: 22
• PRODUCTIVITY FOR THE CRIME AND LOSS PREVENTION SPECIALIST: 24
• CRIME VERSUS LOSS PREVENTION: 27
• RISK MANAGEMENT: 31
• CPTED Concepts and Strategies: 33
• CPTED CONCEPTS: 34
• CPTED STRATEGIES: 36
• THE THREED APPROACH: 39
• Design: 40
• USE OF INFORMATION: 41
• SOME BENEFITS OF CPTED PLANNING ACTIVITIES: 43
• A NEW ROLE FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT SUPPORT OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT: 45
• CPTED Definitions: 46
• CPTED Problems: 47
• A NATURAL APPROACH TO RETAIL SECURITY: 49
• CPTED IN LOWINCOME PUBLIC AND THREEGENERATION HOUSING: 53
• Natural Surveillance: 54
• Territorial Reinforcement: 55
• Neighborhood Planning: 56
• ThreeGeneration Housing: 57
• CPTED PLANNING AND DESIGN REVIEW: 58
• Review Process: 59
• Liability: 60
• ACHIEVING THE RIGHT PERSPECTIVE: 62
• Historical Precedents of CPTED Early Settlement and Growth of Communities: 65
• THE GROWTH OF TRAFFIC PROBLEMS: 67
• THE GROWTH OF PLANNING PROBLEMS: 69
• THE GROWTH OF HOUSING PROBLEMS: 73
• THE GROWTH OF COMMERCIAL AND RETAIL PROBLEMS: 77
• Behavioral Precedents of CPTED From Caves to Fast Food: 81
• GREEK TEMPLES: 82
• MEDIEVAL CITIES: 83
• BAROQUE MANNERISM: 84
• LOUIS XIV: 86
• NAPOLEON III: 87
• CONTEMPORARY: 88
• Using the Environment to Affect Behavior: 93
• USE OF LIGHT AND COLOR: 100
• FENG SHUI: 107
• Aesthetics Environmental Cues and Territorial Behavior Implications for CPTED PlanningFUNCTION THE BATTLE WITH AESTHETICS: 111
• ENVIRONMENTAL CUES: 114
• TERRITORIAL BEHAVIOR: 116
• VISUAL BUBBLES LANDSCAPE AND ART: 122
• Examples of OPTED Strategies and Applications: 125
• CPTED APPLICATIONS: 127
• DOWNTOWN STREETS AND PEDESTRIAN AREAS: 128
• Barriers to Conflict: 131
• Outdoor Sitting Areas: 133
• Plazas: 134
• Pedestrian Mall: 135
• PARKING LOTS AND STRUCTURES: 138
• Parking Lot Access: 140
• Parking Structures: 141
• OFFICE AND INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS: 143
• Office Building Site Plan and Parking: 144
• Shipping and Receiving and Vehicle Access: 146
• Plant Design: 147
• HALLWAYS AND RESTROOMS: 149
• Restroom Location and Entrance Design: 151
• Informal Gathering Areas: 153
• MALLS AND SHOPPING CENTERS: 155
• Mall Design: 156
• Barriers to Conflict: 158
• CONVENIENCE STORES AND BRANCH BANKS: 159
• Locations Near Dense Commercial or Housing Sites: 161
• Hexagon Shaped: 162
• Kiosk Shaped: 164
• Branch Banks: 165
• OBJECTIVES FOR RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT: 167
• Residential Streets: 168
• Curvilinear Streets: 174
• Options for Private Use: 178
• Recovery of Grid Systems: 182
• OBJECTIVES FOR SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT: 185
• School Campus Control: 186
• High School Parking Lots: 187
• Student Parking and Driver Education Relationships: 188
• Courtyards and Corridors: 190
• School Lunchtime Hallway Use: 193
• Safe Activities in Unsafe Locations: 195
• CONVENTION CENTER AND STADIUM: 196
• Stadium Entrance and Ticket Control: 198
• CPTED Implementation: 201
• IMPLEMENTATION: 204
• Program Management: 205
• Mission Statements Goals and Objectives: 206
• Time and Task Planning: 207
• EVALUATION AND MONITORING: 208
• Evaluation Design: 209
• Evaluation Objectives: 210
• Twenty Questions Often Asked About CPTED: 211
• OPTED in the 21st Century The Past Is Prologue: 219
• THE TRANSITION TO THE FUTURE OF CPTED: 220
• OPTED IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM: 221
• Institutional: 222
• Broward County School OPTED Matrix: 225
• CPTED Training Outline: 239
• School CPTED Survey: 243
• OPTED Design Directives for Dormitory and Student Lounges: 251
• Convenience Stores and Gas Stops CPTED Assessment Form: 265
• Rail Transit and Terminal CPTED Assessment Form: 277
• Apartments and Public Housing CPTED Assessment Form: 287
• Glossary: 297
• Bibliography: 303

About the author

Timothy Crowe, Editor Emeritus, was an international crime-prevention expert and criminologist specializing in consulting and training services in law enforcement, crime prevention, juvenile delinquency and control, and major event law enforcement services planning. He served in state government and with several consulting firms and provided security services for Republican and Democratic national conventions. He authored the first and second editions of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design, the standard textbook in the field of CPTED. Mr. Crowe was formerly the director of the National Crime Prevention Institute at the University of Louisville and created NCPI's CPTED training program.

Bibliographic information

• Title: Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
• Author: Timothy Crowe
• Contributor: National Crime Prevention Institute (University of Louisville)
• Edition: illustrated
• Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000
• ISBN: 075067198X, 9780750671989
• Length: 333 pages
• Subjects: Social Science / Criminology